| | | | |
Calculate the values of (y.h) 1/2 for Part A and discharge ( Q ) and ( h 0.5 ) for Part B. Record your calculations in the following Result Tables.
The following dimensions of the equipment are used in the appropriate calculations. If necessary, these values may be checked as part of the experimental procedure and replaced with your measurements [6]. – Diameter of the small orifice: 0.003 m – Diameter of the large orifice: 0.006 m – Pitch of needles: 0.05 m
| | | (m) | ||||||||
| | | | | ) | /sec) | (m ) |
Use the template provided to prepare your lab report for this experiment. Your report should include the following:
Part A : On one chart, plot a graph of x values (y-axis) against (y.h) 1/2 values (x-axis) for each test. Calculate the slope of these graphs, using the equation of the best-fit for your experimental data and by setting the intercept to zero. Using Equation 11, calculate the coefficient of velocity for each orifice as:
Part B : Plot Q values (y-axis) against (h) 0.5 values (x-axis). Determine the slope of this graph, using the equation of the best- fit for your experimental data and by setting the intercept to zero. Based on Equation 12, calculate the coefficient of discharge for each orifice, using the equation of the best-fit for your experimental data and the following relationship:
Applied Fluid Mechanics Lab Manual Copyright © 2019 by Habib Ahmari and Shah Md Imran Kabir is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.
What is an orifice meter .
An orifice meter is a type of flow measurement device used to determine the flow rate of fluids, such as gases or liquids, through a pipeline or duct. It consists of a specially designed plate called an orifice plate, which is installed in the flow path. The orifice plate has a precisely machined hole, known as the orifice, through which the fluid passes.
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When fluid flows through the orifice, it creates a pressure drop across the plate. This pressure drop is related to the flow rate according to Bernoulli’s principle. By measuring the pressure drop across the orifice plate, along with other parameters such as temperature and fluid properties, the flow rate can be calculated using empirical equations or standardized tables.
Orifice meters are widely used in various industries, including oil and gas, chemical, and water utilities, for measuring and controlling fluid flow. They are relatively simple and cost-effective devices, but they require careful calibration and consideration of factors such as fluid viscosity, temperature, and pipe size to ensure accurate measurements.
Other types of flow measurement devices include Venturi meters, flow nozzles, and magnetic flow meters, each with their own advantages and applications. The choice of the appropriate flow measurement device depends on factors such as the type of fluid, flow rate range, accuracy requirements, and installation constraints.
Must Read : Optical Flat
An orifice meter typically consists of the following parts:
It’s important to note that the specific design and components of an orifice meter can vary based on factors such as the application, fluid properties, and industry requirements.
The working principle of an orifice meter is based on the measurement of the pressure drop across a constriction created by an orifice plate in a fluid flow. Here’s a step-by-step explanation of the working principle:
It’s important to note that the accuracy of the flow measurement with an orifice meter depends on various factors such as the orifice plate design, flow conditions, fluid properties, and the accuracy of pressure measurement instruments. Proper installation, calibration, and adherence to recommended guidelines are crucial for obtaining accurate flow measurements using an orifice meter.
Apologies for the confusion in my previous response. You are correct. There are various types of orifice plates used in orifice meters. Here are the four commonly used types:
Each type of orifice plate has specific advantages and considerations based on the fluid characteristics, flow conditions, and application requirements. The selection of the appropriate orifice plate type depends on factors such as the nature of the fluid, potential for erosion or clogging, desired accuracy, and maintenance considerations.
The orifice meter has four hydraulic coefficients that are commonly used to describe its performance. Here’s a brief explanation of each coefficient:
These coefficients are determined through calibration and are used in the calculation of flow rates in an orifice meter. They vary depending on factors such as the design of the orifice plate, flow conditions, and fluid properties. Proper calibration and application of these coefficients are crucial for accurate flow measurement using an orifice meter.
The derivation of the orifice meter formula involves the application of Bernoulli’s equation and the conservation of mass principle. Here’s a brief explanation of the derivation:
P + 0.5ρv^2 = constant
Where P is the pressure, ρ is the density of the fluid, and v is the velocity of the fluid.
m_dot = ρ * A * v
Where A is the cross-sectional area of the pipe and v is the velocity of the fluid.
Applying Bernoulli’s equation to the upstream and downstream sections, neglecting elevation changes, and assuming no energy losses, we have:
P1 + 0.5ρv1^2 = P2 + 0.5ρv2^2
ΔP = P1 – P2
Rearranging the Bernoulli’s equation, we get:
ΔP = 0.5ρ(v1^2 – v2^2)
ΔP = 0.5 * (m_dot / A) * (v1 + v2) = 0.5 * ρ * A * (v1 + v2) * (v1 – v2)
Combining the equations, we arrive at the final orifice meter formula:
Q = Cd * A * √(2ΔP / ρ)
This equation allows us to calculate the flow rate through an orifice meter using the known values of Cd, A, ΔP, and ρ.
It’s important to note that the derivation and formula assume ideal conditions and may require adjustments and corrections for real-world factors and specific applications. Additionally, calibration of the orifice meter is necessary to determine the actual value of Cd for accurate flow measurements.
The flow rate through an orifice meter can be calculated using the following formula:
Where: Q is the flow rate (volume per unit time, such as cubic meters per second) Cd is the coefficient of discharge A is the area of the orifice opening ΔP is the pressure differential across the orifice ρ is the density of the fluid
In this formula, Cd represents the combined effect of the coefficient of contraction, coefficient of velocity, and other factors that influence the flow measurement accuracy. The value of Cd is typically determined through calibration.
To use the formula, you need to ensure that the units of measurement are consistent. For example, the area A should be in square meters, the pressure differential ΔP in Pascals, and the density ρ in kilograms per cubic meter.
It’s important to note that the orifice meter formula assumes certain ideal conditions, such as a fully developed flow profile, negligible pipe friction losses, and incompressible fluid flow. In practical applications, corrections and adjustments may be required to account for real-world factors and improve the accuracy of the flow measurement.
The orifice meter is a commonly used device for measuring the flow rate of fluids, particularly in industrial and process control applications. Here are some key applications of orifice meters:
It’s worth noting that while orifice meters are widely used, they do have limitations and may not be suitable for certain applications. Factors such as fluid properties, pressure conditions, and required accuracy should be considered when selecting a flow measurement device.
Here are some advantages of using orifice meters:
It’s important to note that while orifice meters offer several advantages, they also have limitations. These include pressure drop across the meter, sensitivity to pipe conditions, and potential inaccuracies in the presence of pulsating flows or non-uniform velocity profiles. Proper installation, calibration, and consideration of these limitations are necessary for accurate and reliable measurements.
Certainly! Here are some disadvantages of using orifice meters:
Understanding these disadvantages and their potential impact on specific applications is crucial when selecting and using orifice meters. Proper installation, regular maintenance, and adherence to recommended guidelines can help mitigate these limitations and ensure accurate flow measurements.
An orifice meter is primarily used to measure the flow rate of fluids, such as gases or liquids, through a pipeline or duct. By measuring the pressure drop across the orifice plate, the flow rate can be determined using empirical equations or standardized tables. The orifice meter provides a cost-effective and widely used method for flow measurement in various industries, including oil and gas, chemical, and water utilities.
Orifice meters typically have specific specifications that define their design and performance characteristics. Here are some common specifications associated with orifice meters:
It’s important to note that specific orifice meter specifications may vary depending on the manufacturer, application, and industry requirements. It is advisable to consult the manufacturer’s documentation or industry standards for the precise specifications of a particular orifice meter.
Reference : https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/orifice-meter
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Venturi meter effect and orifice plate effects are two main and very important phenomena in the fluid mechanics sub-field of mechanical engineering.
In this post, the effect of the venturi meter and orifice plate on the fluid flow will be discussed and complete work will be presented in the form of a report.
According to Michael Reader-Harris (n.d), a Venture meter is an instrument used to study the flow of fluid when it passes through the converging section.
There is an increase in the velocity and decrease in the pressure of the flowing fluid when the area available to flowing fluid decreases, this effect is called the venture effect named after the physicist who first introduces this theory.
According to Michael Reader-Harris (n.d), an Orifice plate is an instrument used for three different applications one to measure the flow rate, second to restrict the flow, ad third to reduce the pressure of the flowing fluid.
It depends on the orifice plate-associated calculation method that either the mass flow rate or the volumetric flow rate is used for calculation.
It uses the Bernoulli experiment which shows the relationship between velocity and pressure for a flow of fluid . When one increases then the second one decrease.
Procedure venturi meter and orifice plate.
To set up the orifice tube and venture meter apparatus two tubes were connected one on each of the outlet and inlet of the apparatus.
The tube which was connected to the venture meter outlet was further connected to the measuring tank.
To level the orifice meter and venture tube apparatus, adjustable screws are provided at the apparatus.
The apparatus was connected to the power source to run the motor for the water supply. The bench valve and the control valve of the apparatus were open to let the water move into the tube and to remove all the air pockets.
To raise the water level in the manometer tubes the control valve was closed gradually and when the height of the water level was enough high then the bench valve was gradually closed.
With both valves closed there was static water in the meter at a moderate pressure
The flow rate of the water was recorded and the height of the water level was also recorded in all the tubes
The difference between the heights of the water level and the flow rate will change upon opening any one of the apparatus valves.
The flow rate was calculated by noticing the time required to fill the tank of a known weight and at the same time the level of the water in the manometer tubes was also recorded
The same process is repeated for different flow rates
Experimental results venturi meter and orifice plate.
2. Result shows that with a decrease in the flow rate, the value of the ∆h also decreases. So it can be said from the results that the difference in the height of the water level is directly proportional to the flow rate.
3. Change in the height of the water column of the venture meter is much less than the change in the height of the water column in the orifice plate this is because the difference in diameter of the areas of the orifice is much more than the venture meter.
So we can say that the difference in height of the water column is directly proportional to the difference in the diameter of the area.
An experiment was conducted to find the overall meter coefficient C in the venture meter and orifice tube and results show that the flow rate and ∆h are directly proportional to each other and along with this ∆h and the ∆d are also directly proportional to each other. Both these things are important as they are used to calculate the overall meter coefficient C
error analysis?
NICE INFORMATION
Thank you so much. This will really help with my Lab report!!
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The orifice, nozzle and venturi flow rate meters makes the use of the bernoulli equation to calculate fluid flow rate using pressure difference through obstructions in the flow..
In a flow metering device based on the Bernoulli Equation the downstream pressure after an obstruction will be lower than the upstream pressure before. To understand orifice, nozzle and venturi meters it is necessary to explore the Bernoulli Equation.
Assuming a horizontal flow (neglecting the minor elevation difference between the measuring points) the Bernoulli Equation can be modified to:
p 1 + 1/2 ρ v 1 2 = p 2 + 1/2 ρ v 2 2 (1) where p = pressure (Pa, psf (lb/ft 2 )) ρ = density (kg/m 3 , slugs /ft 3 ) v = flow velocity (m/s, ft/s)
The equation can be adapted to vertical flow by adding elevation heights :
p 1 + 1/2 ρ v 1 2 + γ h 1 = p 2 + 1/2 ρ v 2 2 + γ h 2 (1b)
γ = specific weight of fluid (kg/m 3 , slugs/ft 3 )
h = elevation (m, ft)
Assuming uniform velocity profiles in the upstream and downstream flow - the Continuity Equation can be expressed as
q = v 1 A 1 = v 2 A 2 (2) where q = flow rate (m 3 /s, ft 3 /s) A = flow area (m 2 , ft 2 )
Combining (1) and (2) , assuming A 2 < A 1 , gives the "ideal" equation:
q = A 2 [ 2(p 1 - p 2 ) /ρ(1 -(A 2 / A 1 ) 2 ) ] 1/2 (3)
For a given geometry (A) , the flow rate can be determined by measuring the pressure difference p 1 - p 2 .
The theoretical flow rate q will in practice be smaller ( 2 - 40% ) due to geometrical conditions.
The ideal equation (3) can be modified with a discharge coefficient:
q = c d A 2 [ 2 (p 1 - p 2 ) /ρ (1 -(A 2 / A 1 ) 2 ) ] 1/2 (3b) where c d = discharge coefficient
The discharge coefficient c d is a function of the jet size - or orifice opening - the
area ratio = A vc / A 2 where A vc = area in "vena contracta" (m 2 , ft 2 )
" Vena Contracta " is the minimum jet area that appears just downstream of the restriction. The viscous effect is usually expressed in terms of the non-dimensional parameter Reynolds Number - Re .
Due to the Benoulli and the Continuity Equation the velocity of the fluid will be at it's highest and the pressure at the lowest in " Vena Contracta ". After the metering device the velocity will decrease to the same level as before the obstruction. The pressure recover to a pressure level lower than the pressure before the obstruction and adds a head loss to the flow.
Equation (3) can be modified with diameters to:
q = c d (π / 4) D 2 2 [ 2 (p 1 - p 2 ) / ρ (1 - d 4 ) ] 1/2 (4) where D 2 = orifice, venturi or nozzle inside diameter (m, ft) D 1 = upstream and downstream pipe diameter (m, ft) d = D 2 / D 1 diameter ratio π = 3.14...
Equation (4) can be modified to mass flow for fluids by simply multiplying with the density:
m = c d (π / 4) D 2 2 ρ [ 2 (p 1 - p 2 ) / ρ (1 - d 4 ) ] 1/2 (5) where m = mass flow (kg/s)
When measuring the mass flow in gases, its necessary to considerate the pressure reduction and change in density of the fluid. The formula above can be used with limitations for applications with relatively small changes in pressure and density.
The orifice meter consists of a flat orifice plate with a circular hole drilled in it. There is a pressure tap upstream from the orifice plate and another just downstream. There are in general three methods for placing the taps. The coefficient of a meter depends on the position of the taps.
The discharge coefficient - c d - varies considerably with changes in area ratio and the Reynolds number . A discharge coefficient c d = 0.60 may be taken as standard, but the value varies noticeably at low values of the Reynolds number.
Diameter Ratio / D | Discharge Coefficients | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Reynolds Number - | ||||
10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | |
0.2 | 0.60 | 0.595 | 0.594 | 0.594 |
0.4 | 0.61 | 0.603 | 0.598 | 0.598 |
0.5 | 0.62 | 0.608 | 0.603 | 0.603 |
0.6 | 0.63 | 0.61 | 0.608 | 0.608 |
0.7 | 0.64 | 0.614 | 0.609 | 0.609 |
The pressure recovery is limited for an orifice plate and the permanent pressure loss depends primarily on the area ratio. For an area ratio of 0.5 the head loss is about 70 - 75% of the orifice differential.
An orifice with diameter D 2 = 50 mm is inserted in a 4" Sch 40 steel pipe with inside diameter D 1 = 102 mm . The diameter ratio can be calculated to
d = (50 mm) / (102 mm)
= 0.49
From the table above the discharge coefficient can be estimated to approximately 0.6 for a wide range of the Reynolds number.
If the fluid is water with density 1000 kg/m 3 and the pressure difference over the orifice is 20 kPa (20000 Pa, N/m 2 ) - the mass flow through the pipe can be calculated from (5) as
m = 0.6 (π / 4) (0.05 m) 2 (1000 kg/m 3 ) [ 2 (20000 Pa) / (1000 kg/m 3 ) (1 - 0.49 4 ) ] 1/2
= 7.7 kg/s
The orifice calculator is based on eq. 5 and can be used to calculate mass flow through an orifice.
c d - discharge coefficient
D 2 - orifice diameter (m)
D 1 - pipe diameter (m)
p 1 - upstream pressure (Pa)
p 2 - downstream pressure (Pa)
ρ - density of fluid (kg/m 3 )
Orifice Diameter | K /h) |
---|---|
0.8 | 0.02 |
1.2 | 0.05 |
1.6 | 0.08 |
2.4 | 0.17 |
3.2 | 0.26 |
3.6 | 0.31 |
4.8 | 0.45 |
6.4 | 0.60 |
8 | 1.5 |
9 | 1.7 |
13 | 3 |
16 | 4 |
18 | 4.5 |
19 | 6.5 |
25 | 11 |
32 | 15 |
38 | 22 |
51 | 41 |
64 | 51 |
76 | 86 |
80 | 99 |
100 | 150 |
125 | 264 |
150 | 383 |
In the venturi meter the fluid is accelerated through a converging cone of angle 15-20 o and the pressure difference between the upstream side of the cone and the throat is measured and provides a signal for the rate of flow.
The fluid slows down in a cone with smaller angle ( 5 - 7 o ) where most of the kinetic energy is converted back to pressure energy. Because of the cone and the gradual reduction in the area there is no "Vena Contracta". The flow area is at a minimum at the throat. High pressure and energy recovery makes the venturi meter suitable where only small pressure heads are available.
A discharge coefficient c d = 0.975 can be indicated as standard, but the value varies noticeably at low values of the Reynolds number .
The pressure recovery is much better for the venturi meter than for the orifice plate.
Nozzles used for determining fluid's flowrate through pipes can be in three different types:
Diameter Ratio / D | Discharge Coefficient | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Reynolds Number - | ||||
10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | |
0.2 | 0.968 | 0.988 | 0.994 | 0.995 |
0.4 | 0.957 | 0.984 | 0.993 | 0.995 |
0.6 | 0.95 | 0.981 | 0.992 | 0.995 |
0.8 | 0.94 | 0.978 | 0.991 | 0.995 |
The pressure difference dp = p 1 - p 2 between upstream and downstream is 100 kPa (1 10 5 N/m 2 ) . The specific gravity of kerosene is 0.82 .
Upstream diameter is 0.1 m and downstream diameter is 0.06 m .
Density of kerosene can be calculated as:
ρ = 0.82 (1000 kg/m 3 ) = 820 (kg/m 3 )
Upstream and downstream area can be calculated as:
A 1 = π ((0.1 m)/2) 2 = 0.00785 (m 2 ) A 2 = π ((0.06 m)/2) 2 = 0.002826 (m 2 )
Theoretical flow can be calculated from (3):
q = A 2 [ 2(p 1 - p 2 ) /ρ(1 -(A 2 /A 1 ) 2 ) ] 1/2 q = (0.002826 m 2 ) [2 (10 5 N/m 2 ) / (820 kg/m 3 )(1 - ( (0.002826 m 2 ) / (0.00785 m 2 ) ) 2 )] 1/2 = 0.047 (m 3 /s)
For a pressure difference of 1 kPa (0,01x10 5 N/m 2 ) - the theoretical flow can be calculated:
q = (0.002826 m 2 ) [2 (0.01 10 5 N/m 2 ) / (820 kg/m 3 )(1 - ( (0.002826 m 2 ) / (0.00785 m 2 ) ) 2 )] 1/2 = 0.0047 (m 3 /s)
The mass flow can be calculated as:
m = q ρ = (0.0047 m 3 /s) (820 kg/m 3 ) = 3.85 (kg/s)
Note! - The flow rate varies with the square root of the pressure difference.
From the example above:
The nonlinear relationship have impact on the pressure transmitters operating range and requires that the electronic pressure transmitters have the capability to linearizing the signal before transmitting it to the control system.
Due to the non linearity the turn down rate is limited. The accuracy strongly increases in the lower part of the operating range.
Flow measurements, related documents, california pipe flow metering method, comparing flowmeters, flowmeter - accuracy, flowmeters - turndown ratios, fluid flow - equation of continuity, fluid flowmeters - comparing types, jet propulsion, liquid flow from containers - emptying time, orifice air discharge vs. pressure, pitot tubes, steam flow - orifices, steam leaks through orifices, u-tube differential pressure manometers, velocity-area flowmetering.
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Nithiaprathap Paneerselvam
ephrem dama
In this chapter, however, a method of expressing the loss using an average flow velocity is stated. Studies will be made on how to express losses caused by a change in the cross sectional area of a pipe, a pipe bend and a valve, in addition to the frictional loss of a pipe. Consider a case where fluid runs from a tank into a pipe whose entrance section is fully rounded. At the entrance, the velocity distribution is roughly uniform while the pressure head is lower by V 2 /2g. As shown in below Figure ,the section from the entrance to just where the boundary layer develops to the tube centre is called the inlet or entrance region, whose length is called the inlet or entrance length. For steady flow at a known flow rate, these regions exhibit the following: Laminar flow:A local velocity constant with time, but which varies spatially due to viscous shear and geometry. Turbulent flow: A local velocity which has a constant mean value but also has a statistically random fluctuating component due to turbulence in the flow. Typical plots of velocity time histories for laminar flow, turbulent flow, and the region of transition between the two are shown below .
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The orifice Meter or Plate can be defined as the device in Fluid Mechanics and machinery which is used for measuring the flowing fluid rate or in other terms the average velocity. The orifice meter or Plate works on the principle of Bernoulli's theorem and that is the sum of all the energy at a point is equal to the sum of all the energy at ...
5. Equipment. The following equipment is required to perform the orifice and free jet flow experiment: F1-10 hydraulics bench; F1-17 orifice and free jet flow apparatus, with two orifices having diameters of 3 and 6 mm; Measuring cylinder for flow measurement; and. Stopwatch for timing the flow measurement. 6.
Open the valve of the orifice meter pipeline to allow water to flow through the orifice plate. The manometer present below shows a pressure drop. Record the level of manometric fluid in both limbs of the manometer in order to determine the differential pressure head. Calculate the theoretical discharge as follows; Determine the coefficient of ...
Experiment #6: Orifice and Free Jet Flow. 1. Introduction. An orifice is an opening, of any size or shape, in a pipe or at the bottom or side wall of a container (water tank, reservoir, etc.), through which fluid is discharged. If the geometric properties of the orifice and the inherent properties of the fluid are known, the orifice can be used ...
An orifice meter is defined to be a plate having a central hole that is placed across the flow of a liquid, usually between flanges in a pipeline. The ... The Orifice Meter Used in the Experiment . 5 | P a g e Fluid laboratory Flow Measurements Using Orifice Asst.Lectuer: Mohammed Abid Jameel 5. Calculations and Results:
An orifice meter is a type of flow measurement device used to determine the flow rate of fluids, such as gases or liquids, through a pipeline or duct. ... Proper calibration and application of these coefficients are crucial for accurate flow measurement using an orifice meter. Orifice Meter Derivation or Experiment.
An orifice meter is a conduit and a restriction to create a pressure drop. An hour glass is a form of orifice. A nozzle, venturi or thin sharp edged orifice can be used as the flow restriction. In order to use any of these devices for measurement it is necessary to empirically calibrate them. ... Tagged on: Apparatus Calculation Experiment ...
In this experiment, we are going to use the following devices: 1) Venturi. 2) Orifice plate. 3) Rotameter. Objectives This experiment aims to: 1- Familiarize students with some common devices and methods used in measuring flow rate. 2- Each flow measurement device will be compared to the standard method of using
LIST OF THE EXPERIMENT SNO NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT PAGE NO FROM TO 1. To determine the coefficient of impact for vanes. 2. To determine the coefficient of discharge of an Orifice Meter. 3. To determine the coefficient of discharge of Notch (V, Rectangular &Trapezoidal types). 4. To determine the friction factor for the pipes. 5.
An orifice meter is a differential pressure flow meter which reduces the flow area using an orifice plate. An orifice is a flat plate with a centrally drilled hole machined to a sharp edge. The orifice plate is inserted between two flanges perpendicularly to the flow, so that the flow passes through the hole with the sharp edge of the orifice ...
To understand the working, let us assume an orifice meter experiment where the fluid whose flow rate is to be measured is made to flow through the pipe of diameter \(d_1\). The meter is fixed in a section of the pipe with orifice plates to obstruct the flow. Pressure gradually rises as the fluid approaches the plate hole, later it abruptly ...
3. Orifice meter size inlet ø 20 mm and throat ø 14mm. 4. Differential mercury manometer tapings provided at inlet and throat of venturi meter and orifice meter. Manometer size 50 cmheight. 5. Measuring tank size - 300 mm x 300 mm x 300 mmheight. Theory: A Venturimeter is a device which is used for measuring the rate of flow of fluid through ...
Figure 3: Schematic Diagram for Venturimeter and Orifice meter A: Venturimeter B: Orifice meter Procedure: 1. Check all the clamps for tightness. 2. Check whether the water level in the main tank is sufficient for the suction pipe of pump to be completely immersed. 3. For measurement through venturi, open the outlet valve of the venturi meter ...
The author is a professor of Chemical Engineering in the Faculty of Chemistry at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and works in the so called Laboratory of Unit Operations.
1 EXPERIMENT No.1 FLOW MEASUREMENT BY ORIFICEMETER 1.1 AIM: To determine the co-efficient of discharge of the orifice meter 1.2 EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED: Orifice meter test rig, Stopwatch 1.3 PREPARATION 1.3.1 THEORY An orifice plate is a device used for measuring the volumetric flow rate.
The sizes 1⁄4, 1⁄2, and 3/8 are called nominal pipe sizes. 16. CM3215 Fundamentals of Chemical Engineering Laboratory. Lab: Calibrate Rotameter and Explore Reynolds Number. Pump water through pipes of various diameters. Measure flow rate with pail-and-scale method. Calibrate the rotameter. Calibrate the orifice meter (measure Δ )
Fluid Mechanics/Turbomachinery Lab experiment for Engineers.This was just an assignment for us at R.V.College Of Engineering and was uploaded as it would ben...
Video Demonstrator: Mr. Niranjan Kumar V S, Asst. Professor, ATME College of Engineering, Mysuru.
In the venture meter, the area of the tube decreases gradually due to which the velocity increase to keep the flow rate constant. In the orifice plate, there is a sudden decrease in the area of the flow due to the restriction of the orifice plate. Due to this velocity will increase and pressure will decrease. According to Bernoulli's equation.
The discharge coefficient c d is a function of the jet size - or orifice opening - the. area ratio = A vc / A 2 where. A vc = area in "vena contracta" (m 2, ft 2) "Vena Contracta" is the minimum jet area that appears just downstream of the restriction.The viscous effect is usually expressed in terms of the non-dimensional parameter Reynolds Number - Re.. Due to the Benoulli and the Continuity ...
The downstream velocity of non-standard orifice meter is 2.5% greater than that of standard orifice meter. The differential pressure is 515.379 Pa in standard orifice. ... 2005, pg 188-189) In this experiment, a tank having a circular orifice has been considered. The orifice has a sharp edge with the bevelled side facing outward. An orifice ...
Download Free PDF. View PDF. EXPERIMENT No.1 FLOW MEASUREMENT BY ORIFICEMETER 1.1 AIM: To determine the co-efficient of discharge of the orifice meter 1.2 EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED: Orifice meter test rig, Stopwatch 1.3 PREPARATION 1.3.1 THEORY An orifice plate is a device used for measuring the volumetric flow rate.