Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
Controversial issue about abortion
Controversy over abortion
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Thesis Statement On Abortion
Thesis Statement: Abortion has been a major topic throughout the years, there has been much debate between pro-choice and pro-life but if people can come together to reach comprises it could help society make positive progress. There are many different views and opinions on abortion in today’s world. Some would say that abortion is wrong and others would say it is right; and some would say it is wrong or right depending on the circumstances. This is when complications surface and people began to look at all aspects of the situation. Abortion has always been a controversial social issue but not as potent as the year 2016 and 2017. There have been protests and riots after the election of Trump who is against abortion as our new
Roe V. Wade Argumentative Essay
Before Roe v. wade the number of deaths from illegal abortions was around 5000 and in the 50s and 60s the number of illegal abortions ranged from 200,000 to 1.2 million per year. These illegal abortions pose major health risks to the life of the woman including damage to the bladder, intestines as well as rupturing of the uterus. The choice to become a mother must be given to the woman most importantly because it’s her body, her health, and she will be taking on a great responsibility. A woman’s choice to choose abortion should not be restricted by anyone; there are multiple reasons why abortion will be the more sensible decision for the female.
Annotated Bibliography On Abortion
Annotated Bibliography "Abortion ProCon.org." ProConorg Headlines. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2016.
Frum's Argument Against Abortion Is Wrong
In current news and for the past few years the topic of abortion has been a very prevalent and heated argument. Both sides to this topic argue over who is right and who is wrong, the liberal side believing that abortion should be legal while the conservative side believes that abortion is wrong and should be banned. There lies middle ground where certain people agree recklessness should not be cared for, but those who are victims of rape and sexual violence should be. Overall the topic is discussed often and is the center of many politicians campaign, by either abolishing it as a thing or by making it more affordable and available to everyone.
Abortion Is Wrong Research Paper
Life used to be a miracle; a high-esteemed gift that was respected. Today, life is nothing more than an inconvenience; a discomfort; a nuisance. Over one million lives are stolen from innocent human beings in the United States each year (“U.S. Abortion Statistics.”). This is not caused by car accidents or suicides. This mortality rate is the result of the murdering of innocent children.
Sociological Theory Of Abortion Essay
Abortion is a huge problem, not just in the United States but also all over the world. Abortion is a termination of a pregnancy, usually within the first 28 weeks. Some people believe abortion is murder, while others believe it is not. Abortion is a social problem. In order to be a social problem, the issue must affect a group of people.
Pro Choice Vs. Pro-Life: The Abortion Debate
has been about 42 years since the Roe vs. Wade decision was established, and yet the abortion controversy is still raging. Abortion is often classified as the “termination of pregnancy”, so that it doesn 't lead to the birth of a child (British Pregnancy Advisory Services, 2015). Taking a step back into history, the Roe vs. Wade decision of 1973, legislated that a pregnant woman is entitled to have an abortion until the end of the first trimester of pregnancy without any interference by the state. Since the validation of abortion there have been many debates, uproars, and opinions. Two common positions of abortion is “Pro-choice” and “Pro-life”.
Why Abortion Is Wrong Research Paper
Abortion, Why Not to Abort If you are asking if abortion is the right thing to do, then ask yourself this. Is committing murder the right thing to do? The answer is no. You should never abort a child because of these reasons. First of all you are committing a murder, it may not be considered murder under the law but in my point of view it is.
Abortion: A Huge Argument In The World Today
Some people believe it is okay if a woman has an abortion and that what a woman does to her body is not any else 's business, but by having an abortion the woman would not only be harming her own body but also taking an innocent life away. Bernie Sanders said that we are not going to go back to the
Pro Life Abortion
Introduction After decades, the abortion debate remains a controversial issue, continuing to divide the American populace, while eroding the moral fabric of the country. Contention over national abortion policy continually unfurls in media headlines, and is rapidly becoming a central issue in the political arena. Tragically, pertinent discussion typically disintegrates, with proponents on both sides feeling deeply offended by the discourse. In order to make progress on this issue, it may be helpful to understand the commonalities between advocates on both sides.
Society's Influence On Abortion And Human Rights
The debate on abortion remains intense and most disputed all over the world throughout time. While affected by various issues, the abortion debate is highly influenced by society and the respective cultures, religions and politics which play a significant role in its making up. Abortion has been discoursed in different perspectives but the emergence of the human rights debate in view of abortion has been and continues to be prevalent. Resultantly, human rights have been central to the developments and changes in abortion law worldwide as influenced by international bodies. Despite such developments and changes in view of legalising abortion, or where already legal, extending the circumstances in which it could be resorted to, certain countries
Ethical Issues Of Abortion
Introduction: Medically abortion is defined as a pregnancy loss that occurs at least than 20 weeks of gestation. Abortion is calcified into: spontaneous abortion and induced abortion. - Spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) is occurs in the absence of any medical or surgical intervention, which is not our focus in this paper. - On the other hand induced abortion is the medical or surgical termination of pregnancy typically before the time of fetal viability. (1) Ethically the induced abortion is an ancient issue that has an old debate about being morally right or wrong.
Arguments Against Abortion Research Paper
The high number of abortions has not only made many Americans upset but has lead some to commit multiple counts of violence against individuals or organizations that provide abortions. These crimes affect both people and property, including arson and bombings. Incidents of violence have included crimes against people, including kidnapping, drive-by shootings, and stalking. Other criminal acts include vandalism; assault, attempted murder; and even murder. Such acts are typically committed by domestic extremists, but can also be committed by ordinary
Human Nature Of Abortion
As of late, there has been much controversy surrounding the topic of abortion and just how significant of an issue it has grown into within the United States, a country where the right to life is one that is unalienable and an inheritance granted to all under the protection of the Declaration of Independence. This controversy has been brought to light recently as the topic of abortion has emerged as a top issue in regards to the 2016
Synthesis Essay On Abortion
Woman and sexual active teenagers can also invest in numerous types of birth control to avoid pregnancy. Adoption is also another option to consider if an unwanted pregnancy occurs. If these measures are taken countless lives would be saved. Many lives are lost to abortion and it is not just occurring to the unborn, there have been newly found evidence that some of the medication utilized in abortion is also wreaking havoc on the lives of the women obtaining the abortions. The FDA has gone through several hearings against the drug RU-486, reporting that there were nine life-threatening incidents, and numerous hospitalizations requiring blood transfusions due to hemorrhaging.
Essay On Abortion - Killed Before Birth
Killed before birth (Abortion) The word abortion means the induced expulsion of a fetus from the womb before it can survive independently. Abortion is an extremely controversial issue because while some people are completely against it, others believe that a woman should have the right to choose. Think yourself the growing baby in a womb, expected to have a life outside after a specific period. But then, you are deprived of that life.
More about Thesis Statement On Abortion
Home — Essay Samples — Social Issues — Abortion — Thesis Outline For Abortion
Thesis Outline for Abortion
- Categories: Abortion
About this sample
Words: 738 |
Published: Mar 5, 2024
Words: 738 | Pages: 2 | 4 min read
Cite this Essay
To export a reference to this article please select a referencing style below:
Let us write you an essay from scratch
- 450+ experts on 30 subjects ready to help
- Custom essay delivered in as few as 3 hours
Get high-quality help
Dr Jacklynne
Verified writer
- Expert in: Social Issues
+ 120 experts online
By clicking “Check Writers’ Offers”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy . We’ll occasionally send you promo and account related email
No need to pay just yet!
Related Essays
3 pages / 1205 words
2 pages / 775 words
2 pages / 705 words
2 pages / 792 words
Remember! This is just a sample.
You can get your custom paper by one of our expert writers.
121 writers online
Still can’t find what you need?
Browse our vast selection of original essay samples, each expertly formatted and styled
Related Essays on Abortion
The question of whether a fetus should be considered a person is at the heart of a complex and deeply divisive debate. This debate encompasses legal, philosophical, and ethical dimensions, and it has evolved significantly over [...]
Abortion has been a highly debated and controversial topic for decades, with passionate opinions on both sides of the issue. While some argue that a woman has the right to make decisions about her own , others believe that [...]
Medically ending a pregnancy before it has the chance to result in the birth of a baby is abortion (Izugbara, Otsola, & Ezeh, 2009). Abortion is yet to be legalized in Kenya due to pro-life and pro-choice squabbles. Pro-life [...]
So, abortion's been a hot topic forever. It's about life, morals, and people's rights. Some folks really think it's bad news, ya know? Like, when you have an abortion, you're stopping a pregnancy and maybe ending a life. That's [...]
Finnis, J. (2018). Abortion and Health Care Ethics. The New Bioethics, 24(1), 3-20.Beckwith, F. J. (2016). Defending Life: A Moral and Legal Case Against Abortion Choice. Cambridge University Press.George, R. P. (2017). Embryo: [...]
In an ideal world, we would all have equal rights, treatment and opportunities regardless of who we are, the color of our skin or our gender. Unfortunately, we do not live in an ideal world and our differences can have a [...]
Related Topics
By clicking “Send”, you agree to our Terms of service and Privacy statement . We will occasionally send you account related emails.
Where do you want us to send this sample?
By clicking “Continue”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy.
Be careful. This essay is not unique
This essay was donated by a student and is likely to have been used and submitted before
Download this Sample
Free samples may contain mistakes and not unique parts
Sorry, we could not paraphrase this essay. Our professional writers can rewrite it and get you a unique paper.
Please check your inbox.
We can write you a custom essay that will follow your exact instructions and meet the deadlines. Let's fix your grades together!
Get Your Personalized Essay in 3 Hours or Less!
We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. By continuing we’ll assume you board with our cookie policy .
- Instructions Followed To The Letter
- Deadlines Met At Every Stage
- Unique And Plagiarism Free
Please wait while we process your request
Abortion Argumentative Essay: Definitive Guide
Published: 22nd Dec 2016 | Last Updated: 29th Nov 2024 | Views: 131305
Academic writing
Abortion remains a debatable issue even today, especially in countries like the USA, where a controversial ban was upheld in 13 states at the point this article was written. That’s why an essay on abortion has become one of the most popular tasks in schools, colleges, and universities. When writing this kind of essay, students learn to express their opinion, find and draw arguments and examples, and conduct research.
It’s very easy to speculate on topics like this. However, this makes it harder to find credible and peer-reviewed information on the topic that isn’t merely someone’s opinion. If you were assigned this kind of academic task, do not lose heart. In this article, we will provide you with all the tips and tricks for writing about abortion.
Where to begin?
Conversations about abortion are always emotional. Complex stories, difficult decisions, bitter moments, and terrible diagnoses make this topic hard to cover. Some young people may be shocked by this assignment, while others would be happy to express their opinion on the matter.
One way or another, this topic doesn't leave anyone indifferent. However, it shouldn’t have an effect on the way you approach the research and writing process. What should you remember when working on an argumentative essay about abortion?
- Don’t let your emotions take over. As this is an academic paper, you have to stay impartial and operate with facts. The topic is indeed sore and burning, causing thousands of scandals on the Internet, but you are writing it for school, not a Quora thread.
- Try to balance your opinions. There are always two sides to one story, even if the story is so fragile. You need to present an issue from different angles. This is what your tutors seek to teach you.
- Be tolerant and mind your language. It is very important not to hurt anybody with the choice of words in your essay. So make sure you avoid any possible rough words. It is important to respect people with polar opinions, especially when it comes to academic writing.
- Use facts, not claims. Your essay cannot be based solely on your personal ideas – your conclusions should be derived from facts. Roe v. Wade case, WHO or Mayo Clinic information, and CDC are some of the sources you can rely on.
Speaking of Outline
An argumentative essay on abortion outline is a must-have even for experienced writers. In general, each essay, irrespective of its kind or topic, has a strict outline. It may be brief or extended, but the major parts are always the same:
- Introduction. This is a relatively short paragraph that starts with a hook and presents the background information on the topic. It should end with a thesis statement telling your reader what your main goal or idea is.
- Body. This section usually consists of 2-4 paragraphs. Each one has its own structure: main argument + facts to support it + small conclusion and transition into the next paragraph.
- Conclusion. In this part, your task is to summarize all your thoughts and come to a general conclusive idea. You may have to restate some info from the body and your thesis statement and add a couple of conclusive statements without introducing new facts.
Why Is It Important To Create an Outline?
- You will structure your ideas. We bet you’ve got lots on your mind. Writing them down and seeing how one can flow logically into the other will help you create a consistent paper. Naturally, you will have to abandon some of the ideas if they don’t fit the overall narrative you’re building.
- You can get some inspiration. While creating your outline, which usually consists of some brief ideas, you can come up with many more to research. Some will add to your current ones or replace them with better options.
- You will find the most suitable sources. Argumentative essay writing requires you to use solid facts and trustworthy arguments built on them. When the topic is as controversial as abortion, these arguments should be taken from up-to-date, reliable sources. With an outline, you will see if you have enough to back up your ideas.
- You will write your text as professionals do. Most expert writers start with outlines to write the text faster and make it generally better. As you will have your ideas structured, the general flow of thoughts will be clear. And, of course, it will influence your overall grade positively.
Abortion Essay Introduction
The introduction is perhaps the most important part of the whole essay. In this relatively small part, you will have to present the issue under consideration and state your opinion on it. Here is a typical introduction outline:
- The first sentence is a hook grabbing readers' attention.
- A few sentences that go after elaborate on the hook. They give your readers some background and explain your research.
- The last sentence is a thesis statement showing the key idea you are building your text around.
Before writing an abortion essay intro, first thing first, you will need to define your position. If you are in favor of this procedure, what exactly made you think so? If you are an opponent of abortion, determine how to argue your position. In both cases, you may research the point of view in medicine, history, ethics, and other fields.
When writing an introduction, remember:
- Never repeat your title. First of all, it looks too obvious; secondly, it may be boring for your reader right from the start. Your first sentence should be a well-crafted hook. The topic of abortion worries many people, so it’s your chance to catch your audience’s attention with some facts or shocking figures.
- Do not make it too long. Your task here is to engage your audience and let them know what they are about to learn. The rest of the information will be disclosed in the main part. Nobody likes long introductions, so keep it short but informative.
- Pay due attention to the thesis statement. This is the central sentence of your introduction. A thesis statement in your abortion intro paragraph should show that you have a well-supported position and are ready to argue it. Therefore, it has to be strong and convey your idea as clearly as possible. We advise you to make several options for the thesis statement and choose the strongest one.
Hooks for an Abortion Essay
Writing a hook is a good way to catch the attention of your audience, as this is usually the first sentence in an essay. How to start an essay about abortion? You can begin with some shocking fact, question, statistics, or even a quote. However, always make sure that this piece is taken from a trusted resource.
Here are some examples of hooks you can use in your paper:
- As of July 1, 2022, 13 states banned abortion, depriving millions of women of control of their bodies.
- According to WHO, 125,000 abortions take place every day worldwide.
- Is abortion a woman’s right or a crime?
- Since 1994, more than 40 countries have liberalized their abortion laws.
- Around 48% of all abortions are unsafe, and 8% of them lead to women’s death.
- The right to an abortion is one of the reproductive and basic rights of a woman.
- Abortion is as old as the world itself – women have resorted to this method since ancient times.
- Only 60% of women in the world live in countries where pregnancy termination is allowed.
Body Paragraphs: Pros and Cons of Abortion
The body is the biggest part of your paper. Here, you have a chance to make your voice concerning the abortion issue heard. Not sure where to start? Facts about abortion pros and cons should give you a basic understanding of which direction to move in.
First things first, let’s review some brief tips for you on how to write the best essay body if you have already made up your mind.
Make a Draft
It’s always a good idea to have a rough draft of your writing. Follow the outline and don’t bother with the word choice, grammar, or sentence structure much at first. You can polish it all later, as the initial draft will not likely be your final. You may see some omissions in your arguments, lack of factual basis, or repetitiveness that can be eliminated in the next versions.
Trust Only Reliable Sources
This part of an essay includes loads of factual information, and you should be very careful with it. Otherwise, your paper may look unprofessional and cost you precious points. Never rely on sources like Wikipedia or tabloids – they lack veracity and preciseness.
Edit Rigorously
It’s best to do it the next day after you finish writing so that you can spot even the smallest mistakes. Remember, this is the most important part of your paper, so it has to be flawless. You can also use editing tools like Grammarly.
Determine Your Weak Points
Since you are writing an argumentative essay, your ideas should be backed up by strong facts so that you sound convincing. Sometimes it happens that one argument looks weaker than the other. Your task is to find it and strengthen it with more or better facts.
Add an Opposing View
Sometimes, it’s not enough to present only one side of the discussion. Showing one of the common views from the opposing side might actually help you strengthen your main idea. Besides, making an attempt at refuting it with alternative facts can show your teacher or professor that you’ve researched and analyzed all viewpoints, not just the one you stand by.
If you have chosen a side but are struggling to find the arguments for or against it, we have complied abortion pro and cons list for you. You can use both sets if you are writing an abortion summary essay covering all the stances.
Why Should Abortion Be Legal
If you stick to the opinion that abortion is just a medical procedure, which should be a basic health care need for each woman, you will definitely want to write the pros of abortion essay. Here is some important information and a list of pros about abortion for you to use:
- Since the fetus is a set of cells – not an individual, it’s up to a pregnant woman to make a decision concerning her body. Only she can decide whether she wants to keep the pregnancy or have an abortion. The abortion ban is a violation of a woman’s right to have control over her own body.
- The fact that women and girls do not have access to effective contraception and safe abortion services has serious consequences for their own health and the health of their families.
- The criminalization of abortion usually leads to an increase in the number of clandestine abortions. Many years ago, fetuses were disposed of with improvised means, which included knitting needles and half-straightened metal hangers. 13% of women’s deaths are the result of unsafe abortions.
- Many women live in a difficult financial situation and cannot support their children financially. Having access to safe abortion takes this burden off their shoulders. This will also not decrease their quality of life as the birth and childcare would.
- In countries where abortion is prohibited, there is a phenomenon of abortion tourism to other countries where it can be done without obstacles. Giving access to this procedure can make the lives of women much easier.
- Women should not put their lives or health in danger because of the laws that were adopted by other people.
- Girls and women who do not have proper sex education may not understand pregnancy as a concept or determine that they are pregnant early on. Instead of educating them and giving them a choice, an abortion ban forces them to become mothers and expects them to be fit parents despite not knowing much about reproduction.
- There are women who have genetic disorders or severe mental health issues that will affect their children if they're born. Giving them an option to terminate ensures that there won't be a child with a low quality of life and that the woman will not have to suffer through pregnancy, birth, and raising a child with her condition.
- Being pro-choice is about the freedom to make decisions about your body so that women who are for termination can do it safely, and those who are against it can choose not to do it. It is an inclusive option that caters to everyone.
- Women and girls who were raped or abused by their partner, caregiver, or stranger and chose to terminate the pregnancy can now be imprisoned for longer than their abusers. This implies that the system values the life of a fetus with no or primitive brain function over the life of a living woman.
- People who lived in times when artificial termination of pregnancy was scarcely available remember clandestine abortions and how traumatic they were, not only for the physical but also for the mental health of women. Indeed, traditionally, in many countries, large families were a norm. However, the times have changed, and supervised abortion is a safe and accessible procedure these days. A ban on abortion will simply push humanity away from the achievements of the civilized world.
Types of Abortion
There are 2 main types of abortions that can be performed at different pregnancy stages and for different reasons:
- Medical abortion. It is performed by taking a specially prescribed pill. It does not require any special manipulations and can even be done at home (however, after a doctor’s visit and under supervision). It is considered very safe and is usually done during the very first weeks of pregnancy.
- Surgical abortion. This is a medical operation that is done with the help of a suction tube. It then removes the fetus and any related material. Anesthesia is used for this procedure, and therefore, it can only be done in a hospital. The maximum time allowed for surgical abortion is determined in each country specifically.
Cases When Abortion Is Needed
Center for Reproductive Rights singles out the following situations when abortion is required:
- When there is a risk to the life or physical/mental health of a pregnant woman.
- When a pregnant woman has social or economic reasons for it.
- Upon the woman's request.
- If a pregnant woman is mentally or cognitively disabled.
- In case of rape and/or incest.
- If there were congenital anomalies detected in the fetus.
Countries and Their Abortion Laws
- Countries where abortion is legalized in any case: Australia, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Sweden, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Hungary, the Netherlands, Norway, Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Lithuania, etc.
- Countries where abortion is completely prohibited: Angola, Venezuela, Egypt, Indonesia, Iraq, Lebanon, Nicaragua, Oman, Paraguay, Palau, Jamaica, Laos, Haiti, Honduras, Andorra, Aruba, El Salvador, Dominican Republic, Sierra Leone, Senegal, etc.
- Countries where abortion is allowed for medical reasons: Afghanistan, Israel, Argentina, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Ghana, Israel, Morocco, Mexico, Bahamas, Central African Republic, Ecuador, Ghana, Algeria, Monaco, Pakistan, Poland, etc.
- Countries where abortion is allowed for both medical and socioeconomic reasons: England, India, Spain, Luxembourg, Japan, Finland, Taiwan, Zambia, Iceland, Fiji, Cyprus, Barbados, Belize, etc.
Why Abortion Should Be Banned
Essays against abortions are popular in educational institutions since we all know that many people – many minds. So if you don’t want to support this procedure in your essay, here are some facts that may help you to argument why abortion is wrong:
- Abortion at an early age is especially dangerous because a young woman with an unstable hormonal system may no longer be able to have children throughout her life. Termination of pregnancy disrupts the hormonal development of the body.
- Health complications caused by abortion can occur many years after the procedure. Even if a woman feels fine in the short run, the situation may change in the future.
- Abortion clearly has a negative effect on reproductive function. Artificial dilation of the cervix during an abortion leads to weak uterus tonus, which can cause a miscarriage during the next pregnancy.
- Evidence shows that surgical termination of pregnancy significantly increases the risk of breast cancer.
- In December 1996, the session of the Council of Europe on bioethics concluded that a fetus is considered a human being on the 14th day after conception.
You are free to use each of these arguments for essays against abortions. Remember that each claim should not be supported by emotions but by facts, figures, and so on.
Health Complications After Abortion
One way or another, abortion is extremely stressful for a woman’s body. Apart from that, it can even lead to various health problems in the future. You can also cover them in your cons of an abortion essay:
- Continuation of pregnancy. If the dose of the drug is calculated by the doctor in the wrong way, the pregnancy will progress.
- Uterine bleeding, which requires immediate surgical intervention.
- Severe nausea or even vomiting occurs as a result of a sharp change in the hormonal background.
- Severe stomach pain. Medical abortion causes miscarriage and, as a result, strong contractions of the uterus.
- High blood pressure and allergic reactions to medicines.
- Depression or other mental problems after a difficult procedure.
Abortion Essay Conclusion
After you have finished working on the previous sections of your paper, you will have to end it with a strong conclusion. The last impression is no less important than the first one. Here is how you can make it perfect in your conclusion paragraph on abortion:
- It should be concise. The conclusion cannot be as long as your essay body and should not add anything that cannot be derived from the main section. Reiterate the key ideas, combine some of them, and end the paragraph with something for the readers to think about.
- It cannot repeat already stated information. Restate your thesis statement in completely other words and summarize your main points. Do not repeat anything word for word – rephrase and shorten the information instead.
- It should include a call to action or a cliffhanger. Writing experts believe that a rhetorical question works really great for an argumentative essay. Another good strategy is to leave your readers with some curious ideas to ponder upon.
Abortion Facts for Essay
Abortion is a topic that concerns most modern women. Thousands of books, research papers, and articles on abortion are written across the world. Even though pregnancy termination has become much safer and less stigmatized with time, it still worries millions. What can you cover in your paper so that it can really stand out among others? You may want to add some shocking abortion statistics and facts:
- 40-50 million abortions are done in the world every year (approximately 125,000 per day).
- According to UN statistics, women have 25 million unsafe abortions each year. Most of them (97%) are performed in the countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. 14% of them are especially unsafe because they are done by people without any medical knowledge.
- Since 2017, the United States has shown the highest abortion rate in the last 30 years.
- The biggest number of abortion procedures happen in the countries where they are officially banned. The lowest rate is demonstrated in the countries with high income and free access to contraception.
- Women in low-income regions are three times more susceptible to unplanned pregnancies than those in developed countries.
- In Argentina, more than 38,000 women face dreadful health consequences after unsafe abortions.
- The highest teen abortion rates in the world are seen in 3 countries: England, Wales, and Sweden.
- Only 31% of teenagers decide to terminate their pregnancy. However, the rate of early pregnancies is getting lower each year.
- Approximately 13 million children are born to mothers under the age of 20 each year.
- 5% of women of reproductive age live in countries where abortions are prohibited.
We hope that this abortion information was useful for you, and you can use some of these facts for your own argumentative essay. If you find some additional facts, make sure that they are not manipulative and are taken from official medical resources.
Abortion Essay Topics
Do you feel like you are lost in the abundance of information? Don’t know what topic to choose among the thousands available online? Check our short list of the best abortion argumentative essay topics:
- Why should abortion be legalized essay
- Abortion: a murder or a basic human right?
- Why we should all support abortion rights
- Is the abortion ban in the US a good initiative?
- The moral aspect of teen abortions
- Can the abortion ban solve birth control problems?
- Should all countries allow abortion?
- What consequences can abortion have in the long run?
- Is denying abortion sexist?
- Why is abortion a human right?
- Are there any ethical implications of abortion?
- Do you consider abortion a crime?
- Should women face charges for terminating a pregnancy?
How To Create Good Titles for Abortion Essays?
- Write down the first associations. It can be something that swirls around in your head and comes to the surface when you think about the topic. These won’t necessarily be well-written headlines, but each word or phrase can be the first link in the chain of ideas that leads you to the best option.
- Irony and puns are not always a good idea. Especially when it comes to such difficult topics as abortion. Therefore, in your efforts to be original, remain sensitive to the issue you want to discuss.
- Never make a quote as your headline. First, a wordy quote makes the headline long. Secondly, readers do not understand whose words are given in the headline. Therefore, it may confuse them right from the start. If you have found a great quote, you can use it as your hook, but don’t forget to mention its author.
- Try to briefly summarize what is said in the essay. What is the focus of your paper? If the essence of your argumentative essay can be reduced to one sentence, it can be used as a title, paraphrased, or shortened.
- Write your title after you have finished your text. Before you just start writing, you might not yet have a catchy phrase in mind to use as a title. Don’t let it keep you from working on your essay – it might come along as you write.
Abortion Essay Example
We know that it is always easier to learn from a good example. For this reason, our writing experts have complied a detailed abortion essay outline for you. For your convenience, we have created two options with different opinions.
Topic: Why Should Abortion Be Legal?
Introduction – hook + thesis statement + short background information
Essay hook: More than 59% of women in the world do not have access to safe abortions, which leads to dreading health consequences or even death.
Thesis statement: Since banning abortions does not decrease their rates but only makes them unsafe, it is not logical to ban abortions.
Body – each paragraph should be devoted to one argument
Argument 1: Woman’s body – women’s rules. + example: basic human rights.
Argument 2: Banning abortion will only lead to more women’s death. + example: cases of Polish women.
Argument 3: Only women should decide on abortion. + example: many abortion laws are made by male politicians who lack knowledge and first-hand experience in pregnancies.
Conclusion – restated thesis statement + generalized conclusive statements + cliffhanger
Restated thesis: The abortion ban makes pregnancy terminations unsafe without decreasing the number of abortions, making it dangerous for women.
Cliffhanger: After all, who are we to decide a woman’s fate?
Topic: Why Should Abortion Be Banned?
Essay hook: Each year, over 40 million new babies are never born because their mothers decide to have an abortion.
Thesis statement: Abortions on request should be banned because we cannot decide for the baby whether it should live or die.
Argument 1: A fetus is considered a person almost as soon as it is conceived. Killing it should be regarded as murder. + example: Abortion bans in countries such as Poland, Egypt, etc.
Argument 2: Interrupting a baby’s life is morally wrong. + example: The Bible, the session of the Council of Europe on bioethics decision in 1996, etc.
Argument 3: Abortion may put the reproductive health of a woman at risk. + example: negative consequences of abortion.
Restated thesis: Women should not be allowed to have abortions without serious reason because a baby’s life is as priceless as their own.
Cliffhanger: Why is killing an adult considered a crime while killing an unborn baby is not?
Examples of Essays on Abortion
There are many great abortion essays examples on the Web. You can easily find an argumentative essay on abortion in pdf and save it as an example. Many students and scholars upload their pieces to specialized websites so that others can read them and continue the discussion in their own texts.
In a free argumentative essay on abortion, you can look at the structure of the paper, choice of the arguments, depth of research, and so on. Reading scientific papers on abortion or essays of famous activists is also a good idea. Here are the works of famous authors discussing abortion.
A Defense of Abortion by Judith Jarvis Thomson
Published in 1971, this essay by an American philosopher considers the moral permissibility of abortion. It is considered the most debated and famous essay on this topic, and it’s definitely worth reading no matter what your stance is.
Abortion and Infanticide by Michael Tooley
It was written in 1972 by an American philosopher known for his work in the field of metaphysics. In this essay, the author considers whether fetuses and infants have the same rights. Even though this work is quite complex, it presents some really interesting ideas on the matter.
Some Biological Insights into Abortion by Garret Hardin
This article by American ecologist Garret Hardin, who had focused on the issue of overpopulation during his scholarly activities, presents some insights into abortion from a scientific point of view. He also touches on non-biological issues, such as moral and economic. This essay will be of great interest to those who support the pro-choice stance.
Hidden in Plain View: An Overview of Abortion in Rural Illinois and Around the Globe by Heather McIlvaine-Newsad
In this study, McIlvaine-Newsad has researched the phenomenon of abortion since prehistoric times. She also finds an obvious link between the rate of abortions and the specifics of each individual country. Overall, this scientific work published in 2014 is extremely interesting and useful for those who want to base their essay on factual information.
Reproduction, Politics, and John Irving’s The Cider House Rules: Women’s Rights or “Fetal Rights”? by Helena Wahlström
In her article of 2013, Wahlström considers John Irving’s novel The Cider House Rules published in 1985 and is regarded as a revolutionary work for that time, as it acknowledges abortion mostly as a political problem. This article will be a great option for those who want to investigate the roots of the abortion debate.
FAQs On Abortion Argumentative Essay
Is abortion immoral.
This question is impossible to answer correctly because each person independently determines their own moral framework. One group of people will say that abortion is a woman’s right because only she has power over her body and can make decisions about it. Another group will argue that the embryo is also a person and has the right to birth and life.
In general, the attitude towards abortion is determined based on the political and religious views of each person. Religious people generally believe that abortion is immoral because it is murder, while secular people see it as a normal medical procedure. For example, in the US, the ban on abortion was introduced in red states where the vast majority have conservative views, while blue liberal states do not support this law. Overall, it’s up to a person to decide whether they consider abortion immoral based on their own values and beliefs.
Is Abortion Legal?
The answer to this question depends on the country in which you live. There are countries in which pregnancy termination is a common medical procedure and is performed at the woman's request. There are also states in which there must be a serious reason for abortion: medical, social, or economic. Finally, there are nations in which abortion is prohibited and criminalized. For example, in Jamaica, a woman can get life imprisonment for abortion, while in Kenya, a medical worker who volunteers to perform an abortion can be imprisoned for up to 14 years.
Is Abortion Safe?
In general, modern medicine has reached such a level that abortion has become a common (albeit difficult from various points of view) medical procedure. There are several types of abortion, as well as many medical devices and means that ensure the maximum safety of the pregnancy termination. Like all other medical procedures, abortion can have various consequences and complications.
Abortions – whether safe or not - exist in all countries of the world. The thing is that more than half of them are dangerous because women have them in unsuitable conditions and without professional help. Only universal access to abortion in all parts of the world can make it absolutely safe. In such a case, it will be performed only after a thorough assessment and under the control of a medical professional who can mitigate the potential risks.
How Safe Is Abortion?
If we do not talk about the ethical side of the issue related to abortion, it still has some risks. In fact, any medical procedure has them to a greater or lesser extent.
The effectiveness of the safe method in a medical setting is 80-99%. An illegal abortion (for example, the one without special indications after 12 weeks) can lead to a patient’s death, and the person who performed it will be criminally liable in this case.
Doctors do not have universal advice for all pregnant women on whether it is worth making this decision or not. However, many of them still tend to believe that any contraception - even one that may have negative side effects - is better than abortion. That’s why spreading awareness on means of contraception and free access to it is vital.
Your email address will not be published / Required fields are marked *
Order an essay!
Fill out the order form
Make a secure payment
Receive your order by email
Essay paper writing
Patriotism Essay Writing Guide
If you ask anyone from any corner of the world about patriotism, they will surely have different views on it. In order to clear the things up for yourself and your peers, you may be assigned to write…
4th May 2019
How to Write a Short Report?
Frequently, the goal of a short report lies in a brief written communication. Such paper may be completed in the form of a memo (written within your company or department) and letter (written for…
24th May 2017
The Ultimate Guide To Writing Great Hooks For Essays
No matter how interesting your text is, you will have to make an effort to grasp the audience’s attention throughout from the first lines of your paper. The best thing can do in this case is…
15th Nov 2017
Calculate your price
Number of pages:
Get your project done perfectly
Professional writing service
Reset password
We’ve sent you an email containing a link that will allow you to reset your password for the next 24 hours.
Please check your spam folder if the email doesn’t appear within a few minutes.
Abortion Research Paper: Example, Outline, & Topics
The long-standing debate surrounding abortion has many opponents and advocates. Groups known as Pro-Choice and Pro-Life argue which approach is better, with no easy solution in sight. This ethical complexity is what makes abortion a popular topic for argumentative writing. As a student, you need to tackle it appropriately.
If this task sounds daunting, read this guide by our custom-writing experts to get excellent writing tips on handling this assignment. You will also find here:
- abortion topics and prompts,
- a research paper outline,
- a free essay sample.
- 🤔 Why Is Abortion a Good Topic?
- ☑️ Research Paper Prompts
- 👨⚕️ Abortion Research Questions
- 📚 Research Topics
- 🔬 Before You Start
- ✍️ Step-by-Step Writing Guide
📋 Abortion Research Paper Example
🔍 references, 🤔 why is abortion a good research topic.
Abortion studies are a vast area of research and analysis. It touches upon numerous domains of life, such as politics, medicine, religion, ethics, and human rights perspectives.
Like gun control or euthanasia, the abortion debate offers no evident answers to what kind of regulation is preferable. According to a recent survey, 61% of US adults are in favor of abortion , while 37% think it should be illegal. The arguments from both sides make sense, and there is no “yes-no” solution.
All this makes investigating the abortion debate a valuable exercise to hone your critical analysis skills. It will teach you to back up your claims with sound evidence while giving credit to counterarguments. Besides, expanding the body of abortion research is beneficial for the American community and women’s rights.
☑️ Abortion Research Paper Prompts
The first step to writing a successful paper is choosing an appropriate topic. Abortion is surrounded by numerous legal, medical, ethical, and social debates. That’s why the choice of ideas is virtually endless.
Don’t know where to start? Check out the prompts and creative titles below.
Should Abortion Be Legal: Research Paper Prompt
You can approach this question from several perspectives. For example, propose a new legal framework for regulating eligibility for abortion. Some states allow the procedure under certain circumstances, such as a threat to a woman’s health. Should it be made legal in less extreme situations, too?
Anti-Abortion Research Paper Prompt
The legal status of abortions is still disputed in many countries. The procedure’s most ardent opponents are Catholic religious groups. In an anti-abortion paper, you may list ethical or faith-based claims. Focus on the right-to-life arguments and give scientific evidence regarding embryo’s rights.
Abortion and Embryonic Stem Cell Research Prompt
Stem cell research is a dubious issue that faces strong opposition from ethical and religious activists. Here are some great ideas for an essay on this topic:
- Start by explaining what stem cells are.
- Outline the arguments for and against their use in research.
- Link this discussion to the status of abortion.
Abortion Law Research Paper Prompt
If you get an abortion-related assignment in your Legal Studies class, it’s better to take a legislative approach to this issue. Here’s what you can do:
- Study the evolution of abortion laws in the US or other countries.
- Pinpoint legal gaps.
- Focus on the laws’ strengths and weaknesses.
Abortion Breast Cancer Research Prompt
Increasing research evidence shows the link between abortion and breast cancer development . Find scholarly articles proving or refuting this idea and formulate a strong argument on this subject. Argue it with credible external evidence.
Abortion Ethics Research Paper Prompt
Here, you can focus on the significance of the discussion’s ethical dimension. People who are against abortion often cite the ethics of killing an embryo. You can discuss this issue by quoting famous thinkers and the latest medical research. Be sure to support your argument with sound evidence.
👨⚕️ Questions about Abortion for Research Paper
- How does technology reframe the abortion debate?
- Is there new ethics of abortion in the 21 st century?
- How did the abortion debate progress before the Roe v. Wade decision?
- How is the abortion debate currently being shaped on social media?
- How do abortion rights advocates conceptualize the meaning of life?
- Can the abortion debate be called a culture war?
- What are women’s constitutional abortion rights?
- How does abortion reshape the concept of a person?
- How does the abortion debate fit in the post-Socialist transition framework of the European community?
- Where does the abortion debate stand in the politics of sexuality?
📚 Abortion Topics for Research Paper
- The changing legal rhetoric of abortion in the US.
- Constructing abortion as a legal problem.
- Regendering of the US’ abortion problem.
- Evolution of public attitudes to abortion in the US.
- Choice vs. coercion in the abortion debate.
- Abortion and sin in Catholicism.
- Artificial wombs as an innovative solution to the abortion debate.
- Religious belief vs. reason in the abortion debate.
- Introduction of pregnant women’s perspectives into the abortion debate: dealing with fetal abnormalities.
- The role of ultrasound images in the evolution of women’s abortion intentions.
🔬 Research Papers on Abortions: Before You Start
Before discussing how to write an abortion paper, let’s focus on the pre-writing steps necessary for a stellar work. Here are the main points to consider.
Abortion Research Design
Before you start exploring your topic, you need to choose between a qualitative and quantitative research design:
💬 Qualitative studies focus on words and present the attitudes and subjective meanings assigned to the concept of abortion by respondents.
🧪 Quantitative studies , in turn, focus on numbers and statistics. They analyze objective evidence and avoid subjective interpretations.
Pick a research design based on your research skills and the data you’re planning to analyze:
- If you plan to gain insight into people’s opinions, attitudes, and life experiences related to abortion, it’s better to go for an interview and qualitative analysis.
- If you have a survey and want to focus on descriptive statistics, it’s better to stick to quantitative methods .
Abortion Research Paper Outline Format
Next, it’s time to choose the format of your paper’s outline. As a rule, students use one of the 3 approaches:
You can learn more about these formats from our article on how to write an outline .
Choosing Headings & Subheadings
A strong title can save your paper, while a poor one can immediately kill the readers’ interest. That’s why we recommend you not to underestimate the importance of formulating an attention-grabbing, exciting heading for your text.
Here are our best tips to make your title and subheadings effective:
- A good title needs to be brief. It’s up to 5 words, as a rule. Subheadings can be longer, as they give a more extended explanation of the content.
- Don’t be redundant. Make sure the subheadings are not duplicating each other.
- Mind the format. For instance, if your paper is in the APA format, you need to use proper font size and indentation. No numbering of headings and subheadings is necessary as in the outline. Ensure the reader understands the hierarchy with the help of heading level distinctions.
Components of an Effective Outline
According to academic writing conventions, a good outline should follow 4 essential principles:
- Parallelism . All components of your outline need to have a similar grammatical structure. For example, if you choose infinitives to denote actions, stick to them and don’t mix them with nouns and gerunds.
- Coordination . Divide your work into chunks with equal importance. This way, you will allocate as much weight to one point as to all the others. Your outline’s sections of similar hierarchy should have equal significance.
- Subordination . The subheadings contained within one heading of a higher order should all be connected to the paper’s title.
- Division . The minimum number of subheadings in each outline heading should be 2. If you have only one point under a heading, it’s worth adding another one.
Use this list of principles as a cheat sheet while creating your outline, and you’re sure to end up with well-organized and structured research!
Abortion Research Paper Outline Example
To recap and illustrate everything we’ve just discussed, let’s have a look at this sample abortion outline. We’ve made it in the decimal format following all effective outlining principles—check it out!
- History of abortion laws in the USA.
- Problem: recent legal changes challenge Roe vs. Wade .
- Thesis statement: the right to abortion should be preserved as a constitutional right
- The fundamental human right to decide what to do with their body.
- Legal abortions are safer.
- Fetuses don’t feel pain at the early stages of development.
- Abortion is murder.
- Fetuses are unborn people who feel pain at later stages.
- Abortion causes lifelong psychological trauma for the woman.
- Roe vs. Wade is a pro-choice case.
- The constitutional right to privacy and bodily integrity.
- Conclusion.
✍️ Abortion Research Paper: How to Write
Now, let’s proceed to write the paper itself. We will cover all the steps, starting with introduction writing rules and ending with the body and conclusion essentials.
Abortion Introduction: Research Paper Tips
When you begin writing an abortion paper, it’s vital to introduce the reader to the debate and key terminology. Start by describing a broader issue and steadily narrow the argument to the scope of your paper. The intro typically contains the key figures or facts that would show your topic’s significance.
For example, suppose you plan to discuss the ethical side of abortion. In this case, it’s better to structure the paper like this:
- Start by outlining the issue of abortion as a whole.
- Introduce the arguments of pro-choice advocates, saying that this side of the debate focuses on the woman’s right to remove the fetus from her body or leave it.
- Cite the latest research evidence about fetuses as living organisms, proceeding to debate abortion ethics.
- End your introduction with a concise thesis statement .
Thesis on Abortion for a Research Paper
The final part of your introduction is a thesis—a single claim that formulates your paper’s main idea. Experienced readers and college professors often focus on the thesis statement’s quality to decide whether the text is worth reading further. So, make sure you dedicate enough effort to formulate the abortion research paper thesis well!
Don’t know how to do it? These pro tips will surely help you write a great thesis:
Abortion Research Paper Body
Now, it’s time to proceed to the main body of your paper. It should expand on the main idea in more detail, explaining the details and weighing the evidence for and against your argument.
The secret of effective writing is to go paragraph by paragraph . Your essay’s body will have around 2-5 of them, and the quality of each one determines the value of the whole text.
Here are the 4 easy steps that can help you excel in writing the main part of your essay:
- Start each paragraph with a topic sentence. It functions as a mini-thesis statement and communicates the paragraph’s main idea.
- Then, expand it with additional facts and evidence. It’s better to back that information with external sources, showing that it’s not your guesswork. Make sure you properly analyze the citations and show how they fit into your broader research.
- A paragraph should end with a concise wrap-up. Write a concluding sentence restating the topic sentence or a transition linking to the next section.
Research Papers on Abortions: Conclusion
The conclusion of an abortion paper also plays a major role in the overall impression that your paper will produce. So, how do you make it interesting?
Instead of simply restating the thesis and enumerating your points, it’s better to do the following:
- Focus on the broader implications of the issue you’ve just discussed.
- Mention your study’s limitations and point out some directions for further research.
- It’s also a good idea to include a call to action , which can help create a sense of urgency in the readers.
Abortion Articles for Research Paper & Other Sources
Every research paper ends with “works cited” or a reference page enumerating the sources used for the assignment. A rule of thumb is to cite credible, authoritative publications from governmental organizations and NGOs and academic articles from peer-reviewed journals. These sources will make your research more competent and professional, supporting your viewpoint with objective scientific information.
Here are some databases that can supply top-quality data to back the abortion-related claims in a research paper:
Feel free to check these databases for studies related to your subject. It’s best to conduct preliminary research to see whether your topic has enough supporting evidence. Also, make sure there are plenty of new studies to back your arguments! Abortion is a fast-changing field of research, so it’s best only to use publications no more than 5 years old.
To learn more about credible research sources, check out our guide on choosing reliable websites .
We’ve taught you all you need to write a well-researched and thoughtful abortion paper. Finally, we want to give you an example of an essay on the topic “ Should Abortion Rights Be Preserved? ” Check it out to gain inspiration.
Now you know all the details of abortion paper writing. Use our tips to choose a topic, develop sound arguments, and impress your professor with a stellar piece on this debatable subject!
- The Ultimate Guide to Writing a Research Paper: Grammarly
- Scholarly Articles on Abortion: Gale
- Unintended Pregnancy and Abortion Worldwide: Guttmacher Institute
- Why Abortion Should Be Legal: News 24
- Pro and Con: Abortion: Britannica
- Organizing Academic Research Papers: The Introduction: Sacred Heart University
- How to Write a Thesis Statement for a Research Paper: Steps and Examples: Research.com
- Abortion: American Psychological Association
- Writing a Research Paper: University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Writing a Research Paper: Purdue University
- A Process Approach to Writing Research Papers: University of California, Berkeley
- What Is Qualitative vs. Quantitative Study?: Grand Canyon University
- Decimal Outlines: Texas A&M University
- Share to Facebook
- Share to LinkedIn
- Share to email
What is the most important part of any essay or research paper? Of course, it’s the thesis statement—a sentence that expresses the paper’s main idea and guides the readers through your arguments. But where do you place the thesis? You’ve probably answered, “in the introduction.” However, that’s not all of...
Everyone who goes to college has heard of a formal essay: a factual, research-based paper written in 3rd person. Students produce dozens of such essays throughout their educational careers. And there’s a good reason for it: according to the University of Wisconsin – La Crosse, writing formal papers helps students...
Rhetorical analysis is never a simple task. This essay type requires you to analyze rhetorical devices in a text and review them from varying perspectives. Such an assignment can be a part of an AP Lang exam or a college home task. Either way, you will need a solid outline...
Narrative essays are unlike anything you wrote throughout your academic career. Instead of writing a formal paper, you need to tell a story. Familiar elements such as evidence and arguments are replaced with exposition and character development. The importance of writing an outline for an essay like this is hard...
Discourse is the way people talk about any specific topic. It’s also the way in which language is used to convey social and historical meanings. Discourse analysis is the process that helps to understand the underlying message of what is being said. Sounds interesting? Keep reading to learn more. This in...
A précis is a brief synopsis of a written piece. It is used to summarize and analyze a text’s main points. If you need to write a précis for a research paper or the AP Lang exam, you’ve come to the right place. In this comprehensive guide by Custom-Writing.org, you’ll...
A synthesis essay requires you to work with multiple sources. You combine the information gathered from them to present a well-rounded argument on a topic. Are you looking for the ultimate guide on synthesis essay writing? You’ve come to the right place! In this guide by our custom writing team,...
Do you know how to make your essay stand out? One of the easiest ways is to start your introduction with a catchy hook. A hook is a phrase or a sentence that helps to grab the reader’s attention. After reading this article by Custom-Writing.org, you will be able to...
A critical analysis essay is an academic paper that requires a thorough examination of theoretical concepts and ideas. It includes a comparison of facts, differentiation between evidence and argument, and identification of biases. Crafting a good paper can be a daunting experience, but it will be much easier if you...
Critical thinking implies analyzing, synthesizing, conceptualizing, applying, and evaluating information gathered by experience, reflection, observation, and communication. Michael Scriven and Richard Paul presented this definition at the 8th Annual International Conference on Critical Thinking and Education Reform in 1987, and it is still considered one of the most comprehensive and...
Process analysis is an explanation of how something works or happens. Want to know more? Read the following article prepared by our custom writing specialists and learn about: So, let’s start digging deeper into this topic! ♻️ What Is Process Analysis? A process analysis describes and explains the succession of...
A visual analysis essay is an academic paper type that history and art students often deal with. It consists of a detailed description of an image or object. It can also include an interpretation or an argument that is supported by visual evidence. In this article, our custom writing experts...
- Argumentative Essay
- Book Report/Review
- Cover Letter Writing
- Discussion Board Post
- Dissertation
- Math Problems
- Movie Review
- Nursing Paper
- Personal Statement
- PowerPoint Presentation
- Proofreading
- Research Paper
- Research Proposal
How To Create A Best Abortion Argumentative Essay?
Table of Contents
The topic of abortion is highly debated among various groups of people all around the world. Abortion is a synthetic way of ending a pregnancy by extraction or removal of an embryo before it can live outside the womb.
Because of the moral subsoil of the question, it is fiercely discussed even in the countries where such medical procedure is allowed by the government.
Argumentative essay on abortion: what’s the thing about?
First and foremost you need to remember that the topic which has a medical aspect requires a careful and attentive approach to the research and presentation. Examine the question diligently in order to operate with the terminology you may need freely.
Keep in mind that many people are sensitive to your abortion argumentative essay topic, so be careful with the word choice in your essay not to offend anybody.
The structure for the essay on abortion is the same as for any of a kind.
You begin your essay with the introduction . Here you give the main definitions in case the reader is not aware of the topic. You also include some background information on the problem, describe the reason for your work and end the entry with a thesis. As a rule, a thesis contains your point of view on the subject.
A useful hint: to write a good thesis statement for abortion, you definitely have to be well acquainted with the topic, but also you need to be honest with what you write.
In the main body of your college research paper , you express all the points for and against the abortions. That means you will have two paragraphs for each group of statements. In this part, you place all the ideas you have.
Finally, you write a conclusion for the essay. Here you have to sum up all the thoughts you’ve already written, without adding anything new. Express your own point of view on the question of abortion.
In some cases, you may be asked to write an outline for your essay. It is a table of contents where you enumerate the paragraphs of your essay.
To make it as well-directed as possible, select the main ideas of every paragraph and note them down. It may look like this:
Introduction: The problem of abortions.
Main body: Everything considered on the topic of abortions, namely
- Paragraph 1: Advantages an abortion can provide.
- Paragraph 2: Disadvantages and negative consequences of an abortion.
Conclusion: Inference and personal point of view on the problem.
Argumentative essay on abortion examples and ideas
How about some examples and ideas for your research paper writing needs? Try one of the following topics:
- Will abortion illegalization increase the number of backstreet abortions?
- The attitude to abortion in different cultures.
- What are the effects of abortion on a woman’s health?
- What should be the lowest age for abortion?
- What are the reasons behind the decision of married couples to do an abortion?
- Can the unborn fetus feel pain during the procedure of abortion?
- Should abortion be considered as a murder?
- Why women do abortions?
A general argumentative essay on abortion pro-choice which fits the outline above may have the following structure:
Introduction.
- The definition of an abortion.
- The analysis of the social aspect.
- Thesis: “Should society’s disapproval break not only the women’s, but also the families and unwanted children’s lives?”
- Paragraph 1. An argument in favor of abortion (two, three, or more).
- Paragraph 2: An argument against abortion (same as in the previous paragraph).
Conclusion.
- A general deduction that confirms the thesis in the introduction.
- Expression of a personal vision of a problem.
What’s more, it may be of great help for you to search for some full free argumentative essays on abortion. This will help you to get a complete picture of an essay.
Supporting arguments for abortion
Here are some ideas of pro-abortion thesis statements. You may use them in your essay or make up your unique arguments.
- Everybody has a basic fundamental right to do anything with own body.
- It is crucial for a woman’s independence to decide whether she wants to have a child.
- Some scientists claim that personhood starts when a fetus is able to live outside the womb, so after the birth.
- Most neuroscientists believe that fetuses can’t feel pain when the abortion is done.
- Legal and professional abortions reduce women’s injury or even death from illegal backstreet abortions.
- Modern methods of abortion won’t cause infertility and other lasting health problems.
- Abortion is the chance not to give birth to a child with deviations.
- Women who can’t do an abortion may become unemployed, live below the poverty line, or become a victim of domestic violence.
- A child may not come to the world unwanted.
- Abortion is considered to be one of the methods of population control.
What to say against abortion?
If you’ve decided to adhere to the opposite side, here are some useful arguments against abortion. Take one of these or come up with own.
- Abortion is a murder of the innocent creature.
- Life begins in the womb of a woman, so the unborn child is a human who has the right to live.
- Many scientists believe that fetuses feel sufferings while abortion is done.
- Abortion contradicts God’s commandments.
- Abortion causes psychological problems.
- Abortions may reduce the number of children available for adoption.
- Abortion, because of the embryo’s abnormalities, can be regarded as discrimination of a physical feature.
- Abortion is not a form of contraception.
- Women have to accept the responsibilities that come with pregnancy.
- Originally, the Hippocratic Oath forbids abortion.
- Abortion popularizes the disrespect of life.
- According to the investigations of a Guttmacher Institute, black women are doing abortions more frequently than white, which means that it violates the balance of African babies.
- Abortion destroys the possible social contribution of an unborn child.
- Abortion may cause future health problems of a woman.
On balance…
The topic of abortion is highly discussed nowadays so it won’t be too difficult to make up your mind about the issue you’d want to cover in your essay.
No inspiration to write another essay? Hand it to one of our writers and enjoy the free time. Your top-notch paper would be crafted for you by the deadline!
Important things to remember as you write your essays on population
Ideas on how to ask a professor to round up your grade, anxiety essay: simple writing guide for an a+ result.
Thesis Statement On Abortion
Introduction Statement of Problem: Abortion is defined as the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. Today, especially here in the United States of America, there is a growing issue and debate around the idea of abortion. There is a stigma against abortion because of the possibility of negative religious, political, medical, emotional, and mental consequences it may cause. Each year, worldwide there is an estimated 42 billion abortions that take place. This number does not include abortions that are not performed by professionals. The big issue alongside with abortion itself, is the affects it has on the mental health of females who undergo the procedure. Purpose of the Study: Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy that is most often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. …show more content…
There are religious and emotional objections to abortion as well as the possibility of negative medical and mental consequences. Many are in favor of making abortion illegal because, they feel it is immoral. Others believe that government should not have a say so in such a personal matter. Are there any other factors that could possibly change the way people view abortion? The matter of abortions negatively affecting the women who have the procedure done is one that the world has been dealing with for some time now. Researchers have decided to explore the idea that women who have had an abortion could possibly be at a higher risk for developing and even intensifying mental health issues. Researchers use various measures to determine if or how having an abortion effects woman. Measures include factors such as women who request an abortion but have not yet gone through with it, women who have gone through with the procedure, and women who have lost a child due to abortions or other ways. The following literature explains these
Abortion Analytical Essay
The issue of abortion is one of the most sensitive and controversial issues faced by modern societies. This issue leads to topics of whether abortion is right or wrong, if it is the actual killing of a person, and what actually defines the moral status of a fetus. In this paper, I will be arguing against Bonnie Steinbock, who believes that abortions are morally acceptable. So I will be supporting the view that abortions are not morally acceptable.
The Psychological Effects Of Abortion On Mental Health
Many women choosing to have an abortion are unaware of the psychological effects it will have on them. Many are affected for years or maybe even lifetime after the procedure. Abortion can affect each woman differently, some claim that abortion has negative effects on women’s mental health. Women have abortions for different reasons within different personal, social, economic, and cultural contexts. All of these may lead to variability in women’s psychological reactions following the abortion. This paper will focus on answering the following questions:
The History of Abortion
This paper will explore the many facets of abortion. For organizational purposes, it will first provide
Repercussions of Mental Health After Terminating Pregnancy Essay example
- 7 Works Cited
In the overarching state of humanity, few topics are as important to the long term societal standpoint as abortion. Even more important and contested is the controversial subject of whether or not a woman will endure long term psychological effects or disorders after said abortion. This subject has been highly debated, with valid points made by both sides. It is important that we all look into these repercussions, especially since approximately 33% of women will undergo an abortion by the time they reach forty-five years old. This often challenged subject has many aspects. The main ideas that I researched where whether or not having an abortion leads to a higher risk for mental health issues, whether or not “post-abortion syndrome” is a
Throughout The United States There Has Always Been A Big
Throughout the United States there has always been a big debate on whether or not abortion is ethically acceptable or not. Though many individuals see it as killing a child, many others can overlook that burden and see the consequences of having a child at that point in time. Individuals who are put in a pregnancy situation and have to look into all aspects of an abortion and the reasons for this procedure, while also realizing the biological development of the fetus, and the process of an abortion.
Should Abortion Remain Legal? The United States?
Nearly 81% of women who receive abortions experience subsequent mental health problems according to a recently published study by The Royal College of Psychiatrists. The study demonstrates that the aftermath of an abortion can result in higher rates of anxiety, depression, various forms of substance abuse, and suicidal behavior. As a result of the study, it shows that women who have an abortion face almost double the risk of mental health problems as women who have their baby. This outcome is due to the fact that most women who are terminating pregnancies “may feel a greater sense of loss, anxiety and distress due to lack of support”, as summarized in the Guttmacher Institute, a non-profit reproductive health organization. In fact, a five-year study shows that 25% of
The Case Of Roe V. Wade
The definition of abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. Inasmuch as it is true, in our society abortion is an extremely controversial subject, however, it is also safe to say that it is a very opinionated matter between those who do and do not believe in it. Abortion has been legal in the United States since the case of Roe v. Wade in the winter of 1973 labeling it as a “fundamental right”, it has since been a moral issue within our society. The decision to terminate ones own pregnancy is in their own hands and the effects of termination mentally and physically are their own to contract with.
Should Abortion Be Legal Or Illegal? Essay
Abortion is a debatable question that has been argued over a long period of time. The controversy of abortion has caused or may cause deaths and several violent conflicts between, should abortion be legal or illegal. Abortion is one of the most common medical procedures performed worldwide also known as elective termination of pregnancy (History,2016). Abortion is the destruction of the fetus or unborn child while the child is still in the mother’s womb. This procedure can be done almost anyone from the mother herself to back alley, most common, abortion clinics. More than 40% of all women will end a pregnancy by abortion and remains common in the US. But the questions is should abortion be legal or illegal?
Essay on Women Have the Right to Abortion
- 11 Works Cited
The practice of abortions throughout the United States are safe. Abortions have become safer since the procedure was reluctantly legalized in the United States-by the Supreme Court-in 1973. According to The American Medical Association’s Council on Scientific Affairs the number of deaths associated with abortion drastically dropped from roughly four out of every one hundred thousand women in 1973 to .6 per every one hundred thousand women in 1997 (Abortion is Safe). These statistics show that procedure in how an abortion is performed has become safer since legalization. Legalization of abortion permitted the procedure to be performed in a sterile setting- such as a hospital operating room. The medical risk associated with an abortion procedure is highly overestimated. An abortion performed exactly as medically advised carries half the risk of a tonsillectomy (Abortion is Safe). (A tonsillectomy is a simple procedure that is performed on many children in their childhood.) On the other hand, anti-abortion advocates point to emotional problems that could harm the pregnant woman after an abortion. These advocates attempt to show there is a link to mental disorders in post abortion women. A New Zealand study looked to verify this claim. The analysis showed that there was a credible link between depression, suicide attempts and substance abuse in post abortion women (Cords). Researchers also aimed to connect having an abortion with post-traumatic stress disorder
Should Abortion Be Legal?
Abortion is a deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. There are series of legal, moral and ethical issues which may arise about abortion. Most arguments about abortion are often focused on political insinuations and the legal aspect of such actions. Some frequently asked questions’ regarding the issue is if the practice should be outlawed and regarded as murder or should women have the right to practice it. For example, prior to becoming pregnant, some women feel that they would be able to choose the abortion option without trouble. However, even with reasons why having an abortion would be the best option, some women feel that this decision would not be right for them. On the other hand, some women have a strong belief that abortion is unethical prior to becoming pregnant.
The Effects of Abortion That You Don't Know About Essay
Many women that choose to have an abortion do not realize that it is a dangerous surgery with serious side effects. These side effects are both physical and psychological. Having an abortion is unnatural and interrupts this function of the human body. “The women’s body naturally resists the abortion, causing physical and emotional problems” (“Who does Abortion Affect?”). Almost all of the women who had abortions feel that they have made the wrong decision. The women are not informed about the side effects of abortion. Many women that had abortions said their doctors gave “little or no information about the potential health risks
The Ethical Issues Of Abortion Essay
Abortion is a highly-debated topic of whether it is ethical for a woman to decide to have one. Abortion is any of various surgical methods for deliberately terminating a pregnancy. When we speak of abortion today, we mean induced abortion performed by trained doctors, not including miscarriage (MacKinnon & Fiala, 2015). Some current methods of abortion are morning-after pill, mifepristone, uterine or vacuum aspiration, dilation and curettage, saline solution, prostaglandin drugs, hysterotomy, and partial birth abortion. Abortion involves questions about rights, happiness, and well-being, as well as the status and value of human life. The people who think it is ethical to have an abortion stand on the Pro-choice side and the people who think it is unethical stand on the Pro-life side. The liberal view of abortion supports abortions and the conservative view opposes abortion. There are many legal, religious, and medical conflicts that are included in the debate over abortion. The arguments made from both sides help us better understand whether a woman should have an abortion.
Outline For Abortion Research Paper
Descriptive: Abortion is the termination of an unplanned or unwanted pregnancy. It is a controversial issue affecting our society and raises ethical issues. Abortions can be performed before nine weeks from the last menstrual period and is performed either surgically with the removal of the fetus or medically with drugs. From nine weeks until 14 weeks, an abortion is performed by a dilatation and suction curettage procedure. After 14 weeks, abortions are then performed by an evacuation procedure. After 20 weeks of gestation, abortions can be performed by labor induction, prostaglandin labor induction, saline infusion, hysterectomy, or dilatation and extraction.
Discussion of Abortion Essay
Abortion is the surgical termination of a pregnancy. How odd that people are able to define something, that is such a controversial issue, so easily. There are hundreds, thousands, and even millions of things to say about abortion. When it comes to abortion, I find myself thinking like a symbolic interactionist. Abortion is a personal social issue and it needs to be seen on a micro level first. Although abortion can also be seen on a macro level, seeing abortion on a micro level lets people see the different symbols of abortion. No social condition creates the same symbol. If abortion is seen on a macro level, all the myths and stereotypes of abortion seem more realistic. For example, some of those myths
Essay on Abortion
- 5 Works Cited
Women may have an abortion for a variety of reasons, but in general they choose abortion because a pregnancy at that time is in some way wrong for them. “Abortion is the removal of a fetus from the uterus before it is mature enough to live on its own” (Kuechler 1996). When this happens spontaneously we call it a miscarriage. Induced abortion is brought about deliberately by a medical procedure that ends pregnancy. Legal abortion, carried out by trained medical practitioners, is one of the most common and safest surgical procedures. “About 1.5 million American women choose to have induced abortions each year. Less than 1% of all abortion patients experience a major complication associated with the procedure” (Kuechler 1996).
Related Topics
- Miscarriage
Abortion Essay Example
05 January, 2020
11 minutes read
Author: Elizabeth Brown
Composing essays is a must during your college studies. Sometimes, you might get a topic that you aren’t fully aware of. Or, you can fail to grasp the idea of what a particular essay topic requires you to reveal in your essay. An abortion essay, for example, has become one of the very on-going issues these days. Professors believe that elaborating an essay on such a topic can help a student learn how to develop appropriate arguments and ideas, even in the most sensitive essays. If you experience any difficulty with the abortion essay writing, you just need to take a few points into account. Regardless of your title, which can be either why abortion should be supported or why abortion should be illegal essay, you can master your writing just by acknowledging several essential facts about it.
Abortion Essay: Definitions, Goals & Topics
An abortion argumentative essay reveals the arguments for or against pregnancy termination. The main peculiarity of such an essay is that one can write it from different points of view. While one may strongly feel like composing an abortion arguments essay and advancing their positioning in terms of healthcare and research, others may think of this essay in terms of psychology and sociology. Regardless of the stance, it is necessary to carry out some preliminary research and make sure you operate on both your arguments and data accurately.
Abortion essays require the essay writer to stay tolerant and open-minded. The topic, the selection of arguments, vocabulary – all of these indicators should not offend people who are sensitive to the outlined topic.
All in all, the ultimate goal of an argumentative essay on abortion is to present the topic and provide arguments for and against it. It is likewise essential to give an insight into the subject, reveal its current state, and include most recent findings.
Abortion Essay Titles
When composing a title for an abortion essay, the first critical thing to keep in mind is transparency. The title should not create confusion or offend the reader. To select a title you would like to develop in your essay, decide whether you know why abortion is wrong essay, or if you favor supporting the topic. Here are some of the topics that will be easy to elaborate on in your essay about abortion:
- Reasons why women in underdeveloped countries are inclined to abortions
- Potential health hazard as a consequence of abortion
- How different countries approach abortions
- The reasons why calling abortion murder is inappropriate
- Depriving a woman of the right to make an abortion is equal to depriving a woman of her freedom
Abortion Essay Structure
As you have already learned, a classical essay comprises three parts: an introduction, several body paragraphs (3-5), and concluding remarks. The abortion essay isn’t an exception. But a structure of an abortion essay should be very specific as it contains several fundamental points that differ from other essay types.
Introduction
First, you need to define abortion as soon as you start writing an abortion essay. Even though almost everyone in the world knows what abortion is, it is essential to state its interpretation. Later, you can mention recent findings or events that fairly make an abortion a topic of heated debate. At the end of an introduction, your primary task is to demonstrate your attitude to the topic. Namely, you need to write a short thesis statement that will mention your opinion. For instance, a thesis statement can be: “Should society decide for women what to do with their lives and bodies?”.
If you decide to support abortion in the essay, you may write the body part in the following way: 2-3 paragraphs supporting abortion + one counter-argument against abortion. Remember to provide arguments and support them, not just admit that abortion is good or bad.
Conclusion
When writing a conclusion, briefly summarize everything you mentioned in the text. You should come back to the thesis you mentioned in the introduction while writing it. Don’t forget to mention your own vision and attitude to a problem.
Best Tips For Writing Abortion Essay
Research comes first.
First of all, explore what is already said and written on the topic of abortions. Namely, don’t just read what people say and don’t make conclusions based on what image abortion has in the media. Instead, you may refer to recent research, speeches, and scientific papers by people whose findings are objective and not based on their subjective, emotional perception. Afterward, try to figure out what your attitude on the topic of abortions is. Are you an opponent of the topic, or would you rather support it?
Pay attention to introduction
An introduction is the most fundamental part of the whole paper. If writing an introduction seems to be too complicated, just refer to scientific papers. Find an attention-grabbing statement and feel free to use it in your paper. If possible, try to paraphrase it.
Think of the implications
Suppose you decided to write an essay as an opponent of abortions. Think of some possible implications that termination of pregnancy may have. Also, consider the hazard of continuing an unwanted pregnancy. Doing so is essential if you want to strengthen your arguments.
Be flexible
Since such a topic might be extremely sensitive, it is vital not to be critical. It isn’t a good idea to get emotional or, what is worse, judgemental in your paper. Demonstrate that even though you support a particular argument, you don’t exclude that the opposite argument may also hold true.
Abortion Essay Examples
Abortion implies a termination of pregnancy by removing the embryo from a woman’s uterus prior to its birth. Uncountable controversies and criticism have increasingly surrounded the topic of abortion. Even though most developed countries officially carry out a lot of abortions annually, this medical procedure is actively discussed in many countries. Today, a lot of people believe that pregnancies are terminated by women who are either underaged, poor, or promiscuous. A woman who terminates her pregnancy can also be mature, having kids already, married, happy, and wealthy. Women make this step due to multiple reasons. Should society take control over a female body and decide her and her kid’s fate, and does the prohibition of abortion indeed decrease the abortion rate?
Official prohibition of abortions isn’t likely to reduce the abortion rate. For example, gambling and prostitution have long ago been prohibited in many countries in the world. However, this doesn’t mean that the people don’t gamble and that particular women don’t make their living by engaging in prostitution. The same concerns abortions. Once abortions are prohibited on a state level, women will be left with nothing but a decision to find a person who will carry out an abortion illegally. Or, what is worse, women might induce a miscarriage on their own if they can’t find a specialist. While a medical abortion procedure is a safe way to terminate pregnancy, the latter is not. The risk of terminating pregnancy elsewhere or even at home might be incompatible with life. A lot of women die because of an unsuccessful pregnancy termination, which is way worse than a safe abortion in a medical institution.
A lot of infants in the US die during the first years, months, if not days of their life. This happens as a result of an inborn pathology. Pathology is usually diagnosed during pregnancy screenings. Since such screenings are performed at an early pregnancy phase, a woman can terminate pregnancy once such pathology is identified. The fact of the matter is that many pathologies are incompatible with life too. For each mother, watching her kid dying and knowing that she cannot help, even if she had all the money in the world, is devastating. And that’s even worse for a suffering child. This leads to the conclusion that terminating a pregnancy is the most humane decision in such a situation.
Prohibiting abortions often equals to forcing a woman to give birth to a child she does not want. The reasons for such an unwillingness are uncountable. First, a woman might not be mature enough, she might have kids already and no money to afford this child. Besides, her pregnancy might be a mistake not because of her fault. Indeed, 2 in 1000 women in the US are raped annually. Why should a woman be judged by her decision to terminate pregnancy which is a result of a sexual assault? Even in cases when no sexual assault took place, it is still irrelevant to shame a woman and criticize her for knowing what will be better for her. It is better to terminate a pregnancy than to give life to a child who will never be loved and secure and be an unsuitable fit for a woman at the same time.
Terminating pregnancy, on the other hand, is not just depriving an unborn child of a right to live a life he or she deserves. Regardless of the woman’s motives, she imposes risks on her health. First of all, an abortion undermines a woman’s emotional and mental health. Additionally, it might set risks for her physical health. Indeed, she might reduce her chances of getting pregnant again or increase further pregnancy complications. Besides, 7 in every 100 women face a risk of having parts of a fetus remaining in her womb.
Overall, abortion is solely a woman’s issue. It should not have anything to do with politics, religion, and disgrace. Bringing a child to the world is the responsibility of a woman who has enough grounds for making an appropriate decision. Although terminating a pregnancy might bring severe health risks, it erases the problems that might be even more severe, such as watching a child suffer and not being able to give them a childhood they deserve.
Write an Abortion Essay with HandmadeWriting
Composing an abortion essay might sometimes be a challenging assignment. However, this topic is vast and extensively discussed. The latter allows you to refer to multiple ideas and get access to a multitude of insights to generate your own understanding of a topic. But if you find it problematic to compose an abortion essay – you can get it done with HandmadeWriting . Even if you merely lack inspiration, we will take care of your paper. Just hand in your paper instructions and enjoy your spare time while our writers are crafting your essay. Getting a paper done in such short time frames has never been easier.
A life lesson in Romeo and Juliet taught by death
Due to human nature, we draw conclusions only when life gives us a lesson since the experience of others is not so effective and powerful. Therefore, when analyzing and sorting out common problems we face, we may trace a parallel with well-known book characters or real historical figures. Moreover, we often compare our situations with […]
Ethical Research Paper Topics
Writing a research paper on ethics is not an easy task, especially if you do not possess excellent writing skills and do not like to contemplate controversial questions. But an ethics course is obligatory in all higher education institutions, and students have to look for a way out and be creative. When you find an […]
Art Research Paper Topics
Students obtaining degrees in fine art and art & design programs most commonly need to write a paper on art topics. However, this subject is becoming more popular in educational institutions for expanding students’ horizons. Thus, both groups of receivers of education: those who are into arts and those who only get acquainted with art […]
IMAGES
COMMENTS
Mar 20, 2024 · Abortion is a hot topic nowadays, sparking lots of debates and discussions. It touches on personal choices and deeply held beliefs. For years, people have been arguing about this, bringing up ethical, legal, and medical issues along the way.
Mar 13, 2024 · Thesis Statement. Abortion is a fundamental right of women, and it should be legal and accessible to all women, as it is a matter of bodily autonomy and reproductive freedom. Body Paragraph 1: The Right to Bodily Autonomy. One of the main arguments in favor of abortion is the right to bodily autonomy.
Introduction: Medically abortion is defined as a pregnancy loss that occurs at least than 20 weeks of gestation. Abortion is calcified into: spontaneous abortion and induced abortion. - Spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) is occurs in the absence of any medical or surgical intervention, which is not our focus in this paper.
Mar 5, 2024 · In developing a thesis on abortion, it is important to consider these differing viewpoints and to evaluate the evidence supporting each side of the argument. While emotions often run high when discussing abortion, it is crucial to approach the topic with a rational and logical mindset.
Dec 22, 2016 · Argument 3: Abortion may put the reproductive health of a woman at risk. + example: negative consequences of abortion. Conclusion – restated thesis statement + generalized conclusive statements + cliffhanger. Restated thesis: Women should not be allowed to have abortions without serious reason because a baby’s life is as priceless as their own.
Sep 23, 2024 · End your introduction with a concise thesis statement. Thesis on Abortion for a Research Paper . The final part of your introduction is a thesis—a single claim that formulates your paper’s main idea. Experienced readers and college professors often focus on the thesis statement’s quality to decide whether the text is worth reading further.
Apr 5, 2024 · As a rule, a thesis contains your point of view on the subject. A useful hint: to write a good thesis statement for abortion, you definitely have to be well acquainted with the topic, but also you need to be honest with what you write. In the main body of your college research paper, you express all the points for and against the abortions ...
The thesis statement is “The deviant act of Abortion should be considered illegal due to it violating several laws and human rights; unless if the situation is dire.” This thesis startement is relevant because abortion is a deviance and it builds a stronger sense of religious norms and the value of life.
Statement of Problem: Abortion is defined as the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. Today, especially here in the United States of America, there is a growing issue and debate around the idea of abortion.
Jan 5, 2020 · An abortion essay, for example, has become one of the very on-going issues these days. Professors believe that elaborating an essay on such a topic can help a student learn how to develop appropriate arguments and ideas, even in the most sensitive essays.