pc mahalanobis essay

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Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis

One of the greatest statisticians in our country, Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, gave many brilliant results and theories. To learn more about his research and inventions, read this article.

Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis was born into an intellectual household and received his early schooling in Kolkata. He gradually moved to England for higher studies in physics and mathematics at the University of Cambridge after graduating with physics at Presidency College in Calcutta in 1912. One of Mahalanobis’ professors exposed him to stats shortly before graduating from university in 1915. He obtained a temporary job teaching physicists at Presidency College when he arrived, but he became a research professor there in 1922. On the other hand, his interest in statistics had developed into a severe university subject, and he adapted statistical approaches to anthropological, meteorological, and biological problems. He founded the Indian Statistical Institute at Calcutta on December 17, 1931.

Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis Achievements

• From 1947 to 1951, he was the chairperson of the United Nations Sub-Commission on Sampling, and in 1949, he was designated as India’s honorary statistical adviser
• In 1968, he was awarded the Srinivasa Ramanujan Gold Medal
• In 1968, the Indian government awarded him the Padma Vibhushan, one of India’s highest honours, for his groundbreaking work
• In 2006, India’s government officially announced his birthdate, June 29, as “National Statistics Day.”
• In honour of his 125th birthday, Indian Vice-President M Venkaiah Naidu distributed a commemorative coin during an ISI event in Kolkata on June 29, 2018
• In 1950, he was the President of the Indian Science Congress

Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis Contributions

• Mahalanobis founded the National Sample Survey in 1950 to provide complete socioeconomic data and the Central Statistical Organisation to organise statistical operations in India
• He developed new methods for performing massive sample studies, and then using the random sampling approach, he determined acreages & crop yields. He proposed the notion of pilot studies and argued that sample approaches are helpful. Average spending, beverage habits, popular sentiment, crop area, and plant disease were among the issues included in early surveys, which took place between 1937 and 1944
• The Mahalanobis distance is a measure of comparison between two data sets created by Mahalanobis. The Mahalanobis distance is among the most extensively used criteria for determining how far a point deviates from a distribution when many dimensions are measured. In the subject of cluster classification and prediction, it is commonly employed. Mahalanobis introduced it in 1930 as part of his research on racial resemblance
• He also used statistics in flood management and economic planning.
• From 1955 until 1967, he was a part of India’s Planning Commission. The Second Five-Year Plan of the Planning Commission promoted heavy industrial growth in India. It depended on Mahalanobis’ statistical depiction of the Indian economy, which became famous as the Mahalanobis model
• He developed fractal graphs and charts, a statistical tool for comparing the socioeconomic circumstances of various kinds of people
• On his 125th anniversary, June 29, 2018, Mahalanobis was celebrated with a Google animation.

Indian Statistical Institute

Many more of Mahalanobis’ colleagues were interested in stats. At the Presidency College in Calcutta, an unofficial group was formed in the Statistical Lab, housed in his apartment. Mahalanobis held meetings with Pramatha Nath Banerji, Nikhil Ranjan Sen, & Sir R. N. Mukherji on December 17, 1931. They founded the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) at Baranagar, formally incorporated as a non-profit learning society on April 28, 1932.

Prof. Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis is India’s “Father of Statistics.” By education, he was indeed a physicist; by intuition, he was a statistician; and by belief, he was a strategist. On the academic front, he contributed significantly as the founder of the Indian Statistical Institute, the organiser of Indian statistical systems, an innovator in applying statistical methods to practical issues, and the designer of India’s Second Five-Year Plan, among other things. Before the 1920s, statistics analysis was a relatively unknown topic in India. Creating statistics was like venturing into unfamiliar terrain. With his unwavering courage and determination, it took a trailblazer and an explorer-like him to overcome all obstacles, eliminate all impediments, and open up vast pastures of new information for the masses.

Frequently asked questions

Get answers to the most common queries related to the UPSC Examination Preparation.

Who is P.C. Mahalanobis?

Define prasanta chandra mahalanobis's distance., brief about prasanta chandra mahalanobis education., brief about p.c. mahalanobis life..

Answer. P.C. Mahalanobis full name was Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis. Hewas an Indian scientist and statistician wh o invented the Mahalanobis distance and was instrumental in constructing India’s industrialisation strategic plan in the 2nd Five-Year Plan.

Answer. The Mahalanobis distance is among the most extensively used measures for determining how far a point deviates from a distribution when many dimensions are measured. In the subject of cluster classification and prediction, it is commonly employed.

Answer. He gradually moved to England for higher studies in physics and mathematics at the University of Cambridge after graduating with physics at Presidency College in Calcutta in 1912, affiliated with the University of Calcutta.

Answer. Pro f. Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis is India’s “Father of Statistics.” By education, he was indeed a physicist; by intuition, he was a statistician; and by belief, he was a strategist. On the aca demic front, he contributed significantly as the founder of the Indian Statistical Institute, the organiser of Indian statistical systems, an innovator in applying statistical methods to practical issues, and the designer of India’s Second Five-Year Plan, among other things.

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P.C. Mahalanobis and His Contribution

The architect of Indian economic planning, P.C Mahalanobis, is well-known. As a member of an independent India’s planning committee, he was instrumental in the drafting of a plan that would see India experience fast economic growth while also assisting in the eradication of the colonialists’ poverty.

An Indian scientist and applied statistician named Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis (1893-1972) built the groundwork for India’s institutional economic planning. He was the first to apply statistical methods to anticipate, plan, analyze, and evaluate social and economic welfare operations in the country, as a member of the first Planning Commission of independent India. The Mahalanobis Model prioritized India’s fast industrialization in the Second Five Year Plan (1961–66). He was the founder of the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) in Kolkata and the founder of the prestigious Sankhya Journal.

Architect of Indian Economic Planning

1. role in second five year plan.

P.C. Mahalanobis was also a key figure in the development of India’s second five-year plan (1956-1961), which laid the groundwork for the country’s industrialization and development. The heavy industries were emphasized in the Second FYP. It was written by a group of economists and planners led by P. C. Mahalanobis. If the first plan emphasized patience, the second aimed to achieve rapid structural transformation by making adjustments in all feasible directions at the same time. Before this strategy was finalized, the Congress party passed an important resolution at a meeting held in Avadi, near Madras at the time. According to the text, the goal was to create a “socialist design of society.”

To protect indigenous industry, the government levied hefty levies on imports. The growth of both public and private sector industries was aided by such a protected environment. Because savings and investment increased during this time, the public sector could build a large portion of these industries, such as electricity, railways, steel, machines, and communication. Such a push for industrialization was, in fact, a watershed moment in India’s history. The second five-year plan, based on a socialist model, aimed for a 25 percent rise in national income through rapid industrialization.

Critical Evaluation of the Second Five-Year plan

The second five-year plan was a significant step forward, with a strong focus on heavy industry. During this plan period, the Industry Policy Resolution was revised, and the Public Sector was given major responsibility for development. The private sector was largely limited to the consumer goods industry. During this plan, the small and cottage industries remained sluggish. Imports grew dramatically, exposing India’s sterling balances. India was compelled to devalue its currency twice during the third plan, as an outcome of this FYP .

2. Contributions to Statistics

Mahalanobis was a pioneering researcher in statistics and related fields, but he was also a polymath, planner, educator, and visionary, and one of the architects of India’s post-independence nation. In addition to his fundamental contributions in statistics, he made significant research contributions, thinking, and societal value in planning and economics, particularly in econometrics; our focus here is solely on his econometrics contributions. He was a founder of The Indian Econometric Society and the first Indian elected member of the Econometric Society, as well as the first fellow elected from India (1951).

Statistics and Mathematics

The main goal of the Econometric Society is “ the advancement of economic theory in its relation to statistics and mathematics, ” but we’ve narrowed the definition of econometrics to “ the study of economic data aligned with economic reasoning and the advancement of the discipline of economics ” for this special issue. As a result, we place a stronger focus on economic data measurement and statistical inference. This concentration is in line with Mahalanobis’ philosophy and Sankhya’s objectives. P.C. Mahalanobis created the Mahalanobis distance as a statistical theory for comparing data sets. He devised a technique of calculating agricultural production using random sample methods, and he used statistics to flood-control economic planning.

Mahalanobis Distance

The anthropometric research led to the development of the D2- Statistic, also known as Mahalanobis Distance in the statistical literature, which has shown to be a useful tool not only in taxonomy but also in other domains such as economics and geology. Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher (R.A.Fisher) recognized this concept by naming it the ‘Mahalanobis D-square’ or ‘Mahalanobis distance,’ and so a rich field of research in multivariate analysis arose.

The Mahalanobis distance is a measure of comparison between two data sets created by Mahalanobis. He developed new methods for performing large-scale sample surveys and using the random sampling approach, he determined acreage and agricultural yields. He developed fractile graphical analysis, a statistical tool for comparing the socioeconomic circumstances of different groups of individuals. He also used statistics in flood control economic planning.

3. Role in the National Sample Survey

Mahalanobis organized India’s statistical efforts by establishing the National Sample Survey and the Central Statistical Organization in 1950. From 1955 until 1967, he was a member of India’s Planning Commission. The Second Five-Year Plan of the Planning Commission promoted heavy industrial growth in India and depended on Mahalanobis’ mathematical description of the Indian economy, which became known as the Mahalanobis model.

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Chapter 3: Liberalisation, Privatisation, and Globalisation: An Appraisal

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• New Economic Policy 1991: Objectives and Components In the early 1990s, India faced a major crisis followed by a foreign exchange deficit, resulting in its economic downfall. To overcome the crisis, the government came up with adjustments to the economy by bringing new reforms. The reforms introduced were called ‘structural reforms’ and launched unde 7 min read
• Liberalisation: Meaning, Economic Reforms Adopted by Indian Government and Objectives Liberalisation is a way to eliminate state control over economic activities. It provides business enterprises with greater autonomy in decision-making and eliminates government interference. Liberalisation was initiated to end these limitations and explore multiple areas of the economy. Though some 8 min read
• Privatisation: Meaning, Disinvestment, Rationale and Obstacles to Privatisation in India Privatisation refers to transferring ownership of services and assets from the public sector to the private sector. The assets owned by the public sector can be sold to the private sector or the restrictions on competition between public & privately held companies may be eliminated. The main rea 5 min read
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Chapter 6: Employment: Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues

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• Forms of Employment: Self and Wage Employment People do a wide range of jobs to earn a living. Work significantly impacts our lives as individuals and as members of society. Some people work on farms, in factories, banks, shops, and a variety of other workplaces, while some work from home. Work at home includes not only traditional work like we 3 min read
• Distribution of Employment In economics, employment refers to the state of having a job or being employed. If one has to employ someone, one must pay them. The person who hires people is known as employer, and the person who is getting paid for providing the services is known as employee. Employers may include individuals, bu 5 min read
• Growth and Changing Structure of Employment The economy of a country can describe the structure of employment in that country. The countries with a good rate of the economy have more people employed in their tertiary/quaternary sector than the primary and secondary sectors and when it comes to countries which have a poor economy, it can be sa 4 min read
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• Difference between Formal Sector and Informal Sector Informalisation of the Workforce is a situation where the workforce in the informal sector increases to the total workforce of the country. According to the composition of the workforce in India, it has been divided into two categories; Formal or Organised Sector and Informal or Unorganised Sector. 3 min read
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Chapter 7: Environment and Sustainable Development

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• Causes and Impact of Environmental Degradation The physical surroundings of a person of which they are a part and upon whom they depend for activities like physiological working, production, and consumption, are referred to as Environment. Here, the physical environment comprises all natural resources, including soil, plants, energy-carrying mat 6 min read
• What are the measures to control Environmental Degradation ? Environmental degradation is the decay of the ecosystem caused by human consumption of resources such as air, water, and land. Simply put, the increasing deterioration of the climate as a result of different factors is referred to as Environmental degradation. Some of these factors include unusual w 4 min read
• Sustainable Development: Meaning, Objectives and Strategies Sustainable development is the economic development process that seeks to satisfy the requirements of the present generation without affecting the needs of future generations. Sustainable development maximises the well-being of current and future populations The environment and the economy are inter 8 min read

Chapter 8: Comparative Development Experiences of India and its Neighbours

• Great Leap Forward (GLF) | Meaning, Components and Effects What is Great Leap Forward (GLF)?The Chinese Communist Party and Mao Zedong, in 1958, launched a five-year economic strategy named Great Leap Forward (GLF) to modernise the agriculture sector and promote industrialisation. The main focus of this five-year plan was: Agriculture and Industries. Howeve 5 min read
• Comparative Study between India, China, and Pakistan Comparative Study between India, China, and PakistanHistorical Background Historically, India is ancient with a continuous civilisation of 5,000 years. The Indus Valley civilization was followed by the Sanskrit-speaking Vedic period. China has one of the world's oldest people and a continuous civili 12 min read
• Appraisal of Development Strategies of India, China, and Pakistan Development strategies of a country act as a model to others for lessons and guidance for their development. To learn from the economic performance of our neighboring countries, it is necessary to understand the roots of their success and failures and the different phases of their strategies. China 4 min read

CBSE Previous Year Papers (2020)

• CBSE Class 12 Economics Solved Question Paper 2020 - Set 1 Economics (Code No. 58/1/1) Time allowed : 3 hoursMaximum Marks: 80 General Instructions: Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them : (i) This question paper comprises two sections - A and B. All questions are compulsory. (ii) Question numbers 1 – 10 and 18 – 27 are ver 15+ min read
• CBSE Class 12 Economics Solved Question Paper 2020 (Set 58/1/2) Economics (Code No. 58/1/2) Time allowed : 3 hoursMaximum Marks: 80General Instructions:  Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them :  (i) This question paper comprises two sections - A and B. All questions are compulsory.  (ii) Question numbers 1 – 10 and 18 – 27 are v 15+ min read
• Class 12 Economics Solved Question Paper 2020 (Set 58/1/3) Economics (Code No. 58/1/3)  Time allowed : 3 hoursMaximum Marks: 80 General Instructions:  Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them :  (i) This question paper comprises two sections - A and B. All questions are compulsory.  (ii) Question numbers 1 – 10 and 18 – 27 are 15+ min read
• CBSE Class 12 Economics Solved Question Paper 2020 - Set 2 Economics (Code No. 58/2/1) Time allowed : 3 hoursMaximum Marks: 80 General Instructions: Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them : (i) This question paper comprises two sections - A and B. All questions are compulsory. (ii) Question numbers 1 – 10 and 18 – 27 are ver 15+ min read
• CBSE Class 12 Economics Solved Question Paper 2020 - Set 2 (58/2/2) Economics (Code No. 58/2/2) Time allowed : 3 hoursMaximum Marks: 80 General Instructions: Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them : (i) This question paper comprises two sections - A and B. All questions are compulsory. (ii) Question numbers 1 – 10 and 18 – 27 are ver 15+ min read
• CBSE Class 12 Economics Solved Question Paper 2020 - Set 2 (58/2/3) Economics (Code No. 58/2/3) Time allowed : 3 hoursMaximum Marks: 80 General Instructions: Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them : (i) This question paper comprises two sections - A and B. All questions are compulsory. (ii) Question numbers 1 – 10 and 18 – 27 are ver 15+ min read
• CBSE Class 12 Economics Solved Question Paper 2020 - Set 3 Economics (Code No. 58/3/1) Time allowed : 3 hoursMaximum Marks: 80 General Instructions: Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them : (i) This question paper comprises two sections - A and B. All questions are compulsory. (ii) Question numbers 1 – 10 and 18 – 27 are ver 15+ min read
• CBSE Class 12 Economics Solved Question Paper 2020 - Set 3 (58/3/2) Economics (Code No. 58/3/2) Time allowed : 3 hoursMaximum Marks: 80 General Instructions: Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them : (i) This question paper comprises two sections - A and B. All questions are compulsory. (ii) Question numbers 1 – 10 and 18 – 27 are ver 15+ min read
• CBSE Class 12 Economics Solved Question Paper 2020 - Set 3 (58/3/3) Economics (Code No. 58/3/3) Time allowed : 3 hoursMaximum Marks: 80 General Instructions: Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them : (i) This question paper comprises two sections - A and B. All questions are compulsory. (ii) Question numbers 1 – 10 and 18 – 27 are ver 15+ min read
• CBSE Class 12 Economics Solved Question Paper 2020 - Set 4 (Code No. 58/4/1) Economics (Code No. 58/4/1) Time allowed : 3 hoursMaximum Marks: 80 General Instructions: Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them : (i) This question paper comprises two sections - A and B. All questions are compulsory. (ii) Question numbers 1 – 10 and 18 – 27 are ver 15+ min read
• CBSE Class 12 Economics Solved Question Paper 2020 - Set 4 (58/4/2) Economics (Code No. 58/4/2) Time allowed : 3 hoursMaximum Marks: 80 General Instructions: Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them : (i) This question paper comprises two sections - A and B. All questions are compulsory. (ii) Question numbers 1 – 10 and 18 – 27 are ver 15+ min read
• CBSE Class 12 Economics Solved Question Paper 2020 - Set 4 (58/4/3) Economics (Code No. 58/4/3) Time allowed : 3 hoursMaximum Marks: 80 General Instructions: Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them : (i) This question paper comprises two sections - A and B. All questions are compulsory. (ii) Question numbers 1 – 10 and 18 – 27 are ver 15+ min read
• CBSE Class 12 Economics Solved Question Paper 2020 - Set 5 (58/5/1) Economics (Code No. 58/5/1) Time allowed : 3 hoursMaximum Marks: 80 General Instructions: Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them : (i) This question paper comprises two sections - A and B. All questions are compulsory. (ii) Question numbers 1 – 10 and 18 – 27 are ver 15+ min read
• CBSE Class 12 Economics Solved Question Paper 2020 - Set 5 (58/5/2) Economics (Code No. 58/5/2) Time allowed : 3 hoursMaximum Marks: 80 General Instructions: Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them : (i) This question paper comprises two sections - A and B. All questions are compulsory. (ii) Question numbers 1 – 10 and 18 – 27 are ver 15+ min read
• CBSE Class 12 Economics Solved Question Paper 2020 - Set 5 (58/5/3) Economics (Code No. 58/5/3) Time allowed : 3 hoursMaximum Marks: 80 General Instructions: Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them : (i) This question paper comprises two sections - A and B. All questions are compulsory. (ii) Question numbers 1 – 10 and 18 – 27 are ver 15+ min read

Chapters not in Current CBSE Syllabus (2024-2025)

Chapter: poverty.

• Poverty : Meaning, Characteristics, and Measures What is Poverty?Poverty is a particular issue that affects many countries around the world. There can not be a universally acknowledged definition of poverty. Broadly it can be said that: Poverty refers to a state in which an individual is unable to fulfill even the basic necessities of life. The mi 7 min read
• Difference between Relative Poverty and Absolute Poverty Relative Poverty and Absolute Poverty are two measures of poverty that help in determining the extent of poverty. However, these two measures are different from each other. What is Poverty? Poverty is a particular issue that affects many countries around the world. There can not be a universally ack 3 min read
• Poverty Line: Meaning, Determination, Types and Criticism Poverty refers to a state in which an individual is unable to fulfil even the basic necessities of life. The minimum requirements include food, clothing, shelter, education, and health facilities. A nation suffers from a cycle of poverty when a large portion of the population is deprived of even the 6 min read
• Trends and Dimensions of Poverty in India Poverty is a particular issue that affects many countries around the world. There can not be a universally acknowledged definition of poverty. Broadly it can be said that Poverty refers to a state in which an individual is unable to fulfil even the basic necessities of life. The minimum requirements 4 min read
• Impact and Causes of Poverty Providing minimum basic needs to the people and poverty reduction have been major objectives of India. To achieve a basic living for everyone, the upliftment of the poorest of the poor, integration of the impoverished into society, and a pattern of development envisioned in the next five-year plans 8 min read
• What are the Government Approach to remove Poverty? Poverty is a particular issue that affects many countries around the world. There can not be a universally acknowledged definition of poverty. Broadly it can be said that: Poverty refers to a state in which an individual is unable to fulfil even the basic necessities of life. The minimum requirement 5 min read
• Poverty Alleviation Programmes in India In the mid-19th century and early 20th century, we saw an increase in poverty during the colonial age. The colonial rules moved unwaged artisans into farming and converted the nation into a province gradually rich in land-living, uneducated labor, and low efficiency. Thus, it made the nation scarce 10 min read
• Measures to Remove Poverty Poverty is a particular issue that affects many countries around the world. There can not be a universally acknowledged definition of poverty. Broadly it can be said that: Poverty refers to a state in which an individual is unable to fulfil even the basic necessities of life. The minimum requirement 3 min read
• Anti-Poverty Measures Anti-Poverty Measures: Poverty refers to a situation of not having sufficient money or goods to live comfortably. When individuals lack the resources to meet their fundamental necessities, they are considered to be in poverty. Poverty has been linked to poor health, low levels of education or skills 9 min read

Chapter: Infrastructure

• Infrastructure: Meaning, Characteristics, Importance and Types What is Infrastructure?Infrastructure refers to all such activities, services, and facilities needed to provide different kinds of services in an economy. Simply put, it is the support system for the economic and social development of the country. Infrastructure is crucial for a country's economic d 5 min read
• Energy Infrastructure Infrastructure refers to all such activities, services, and facilities needed to provide different kinds of services in an economy. Simply put, it is the support system for the economic and social development of the country. The infrastructure facilities are crucial for the development of agricultur 6 min read
• Difference between Commercial and Non-commercial Sources of Energy Energy is a key component for most of the consumption activities and production activities and hence plays a vital role in a country’s economic growth and development. It is essential for industries and is now widely utilised in agriculture and related fields such as the manufacture and delivery of 3 min read
• Conventional vs Non-Conventional Sources of Energy Conventional and Non-Conventional Sources of Energy are the two types of sources of energy. Conventional Sources of Energy refer to the traditional form of power/energy production sources and include fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, oil, etc. However, Non-Conventional Sources of Energy refer 4 min read
• Health Infrastructure in India Infrastructure refers to all such activities, services, and facilities needed to provide different kinds of services in an economy. Simply put, it is the support system for the economic and social development of the country. The infrastructure facilities are crucial for the development of agricultur 10 min read
• Power Infrastructure: Sources, Challenges and Measures to meet Power Crisis Power or electricity is a vital infrastructure component usually identified with advancement in modern civilization. Power is necessary at every stage to achieve economic development. The demand for power is rising year after year due to the development of several sectors of the economy. In general, 7 min read
• Difference between Economic Infrastructure and Social Infrastructure Infrastructure refers to all such activities, services, and facilities needed to provide different kinds of services in an economy. Simply put, it is the support system for the economic and social development of the country. The infrastructure facilities are crucial for the development of agricultur 2 min read

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Essay On Mahalanobis

INTRODUCTION Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, also known as P.C Mahalanobis. He was an Indian scientist and statistician who had contributed large-scale sample survey in statistics. With the “ Mahalanobis Distance”, a statistical measurement that he had discovered, he become famous in science and statistic territory. P.C Mahalanobis belonged to a Bengali family who live in Bikrampur （today’s Bangladesh）. His grandfather, Guruchanran was an active person who always involved in social movements and acting as treasurer and president of Brahmo Samaj through influences of Rabindranath Tagore, the first non- European winner of Nobel Prize. Gurucharan had moved to Calcutta in 1854 to starting a chemist shop. In 29 June 1893, P.C Mahalanobis was born, grew up in a socially active and intellectual’s family by his father and mother, Prabodh Chandra and Nirodbasini. Prabodh Chandra was the younger son of Gurucharan. He was an active member of the Sadharan Brahmo Samaj. P.C Mahalanobis also the founder of Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), which is research and training of statistics and development of theoretical statistics. P.C Mahalanobis’ uncle, Subodhchandra was a Head of …show more content…

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P.C. Mahalanobis: the ‘Plan Man’ of India

(MainsGS1: Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues.)

• Every year june 29 is celebrated as national ‘Statistics Day’, in ‘recognition of the contributions made by Prof. Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, the ‘Plan Man’ of India.

Embracing technology for human welfare:

• Mahalanobis was “a physicist by training, a statistician by instinct and an economist by conviction”. 
• He had an uncanny knack for embracing technology for human welfare, perhaps as a result of his background in physics and he even built some simple machines to facilitate his surveys and measurements. 
• Thus, one may safely perceive that Mahalanobis would have embraced the power of AI in enhancing human productivity, such as Big Data analyses, and perhaps in a way that is far more effective than how AI is currently applied to that goal.
• Mahalanobis, who was deeply inspired by Kautilya’s Arthashastra, successfully introduced the revolutionary concept of built-in cross-checks into his surveys.

Changed statistical perspective:

• Around seven decades ago, from the perspective of the newly independent nation, planning, with the aid of extensive technocratic exercises with democratic participation, moved from the realm of politics, primarily due to Mahalanobis. 
• Now India’s upcoming census will be a digital exercise and the dynamics of other surveys are also bound to change in the new normal setup which shows evolution of statistics. 
• We would miss the leadership of an expert such as Mahalanobis from this changed statistical perspective.

Shift in the nature of data and statistics:

• Over the past 20 years, there has been a global shift in both the nature of data and statistics. 
• With the advent of the Internet and virtually everything confined to the Internet of Things, there has been a flood of data
• Another significant yet related issue is how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming our lives and lifestyles. 
• Mahalanobis also encountered a Big Data problem when his large-scale surveys yielded lots of data that needed to be looked into for effective planning.
• And to handle tons of data and tackle the complex mathematical calculations, Mahalanobis persuaded the government and succeeded in procuring the first two digital computers of the country (and South Asia, too) at his Indian Statistical Institute, in 1956 and 1958 and thus ushered in the age of computers in India.

Conclusion:

• As AI is threatening to replace millions of jobs without creating alternatives and is also aiding in spreading disinformation, there is a substantial global attempt to clip its wings.
• Thus someone like Mahalanobis is needed with an uncanny knack for perfection, tireless dedication, brilliant leadership, and who could understand the “dance steps of numbers in the arena of time and space”.

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PC Mahalanobis: ‘Plan Man’ of India

In Context 

• National Statistics Day is celebrated every year on 29 June to mark the birth anniversary of Professor Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis.

About National Statistics Day

• Government of India in 2007 designated  June 29 as the “Statistics Day ” in the category of Special Days to be celebrated every year at the National level in recognition of Professor Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis’s notable contributions in the fields of statistics, statistical systems, and economic planning.
• Theme : ‘Data for Sustainable Development’. 
• To spread awareness among the youth of the country about the importance of Statistics in policy formulation and socio-economic planning.

About Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis 

• He was born on 29 June 1893 in Calcutta and is known as the father of Indian statistics
• A physicist by training, he g ot interested in statistics when he came across Biometrika, a r eputed peer reviewed journal of statistics during his time.
• He certainly believed data to be instrumental in efficient planning for national and human development. 
• He made several contributions to the field of statistics, including the ‘Mahalanobis distance’ , a statistical measure. 
• He was also a pioneer in the field of anthropometry , the study of human measurements , in India and helped design large scale sample surveys and sampling methods. 
• He also developed the Feldman-Mahalanobis model, a Neo-Marxian model of economic development , which was employed in the Second Five Year Plan of India, which promoted rapid industrialization of the country.
• He was also one of the members of the first Planning Commission of India.
• He introduced the concept of pilot surveys and advocated the importance of sampling methods. 
• He also introduced a method for the estimation of crop yields using statistical sampling. 
• The Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) at Kolkata, set up him

Importance 

• Revisiting the life of India’s statistical inheritance from P.C. Mahalanobis is of utmost importance as various kinds of concerns regarding data collection, its publication, and data quality have emerged in recent years.
• Professor Mahalanobis has made an immense contribution to the fields of economic planning and statistical development in the post-independent era.

Awards to honour him

•  He was also conferred with several awards including the Padma Vibhushan.

Mains Practice Question

[Q] Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis was known as the ‘Plan Man’ of India. Elaborate

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